Urinary tract infection is an inflammatory process. At the same time, the kidney parenchyma is not involved in the pathological process.
Urinary tract infection in children has non-specific symptoms. Their difference is noted depending on the severity of the disease and the age of the patient. The presence of orchoepididymitis is extremely rare. Manifestation of signs of inflammation and soreness in the scrotum may indicate testicular torsion. In newborns, a urinary tract infection often does not have a clear localization. For young children, the condition is characterized by manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract in the form of diarrhea or vomiting. 13.6% of children with fever are susceptible to infection in the first few weeks. Rarely, the condition can manifest itself in the form of septic shock. In young children, erased manifestations of the inflammatory process are noted. From the age of two, a urinary tract infection is manifested by frequent emptying, pain over the pubis, in the back or stomach, and dysuria. The condition can occur with or without an increase in temperature.
Urinary tract infection is quite common in elderly patients. This is due to the influence of a number of factors, including a change in the normal anatomical and physiological features in the pelvic organs (prolapse), epithelial failure, decreased mucus production. The development of inflammation is accompanied by a weakening of immunity, a disorder of microcirculation, increased contamination of the urethral region due to urinary and fecal incontinence.
As practice shows, infections of the genitourinary system can occur both in the form of severe complications and can be completely asymptomatic.
For the development of the disease, predisposing factors and a microbial agent must be present.
Most often, patient complaints consist of soreness and burning sensations in the urethral cavity, accompanied by frequent urination. At the same time, unpleasant thrills can give to the perineum. In addition, mucopurulent, as well as with an admixture of blood discharge from the urethra are also characteristic.
Laboratory research shows a change in the general analysis of blood. For some patients, a violation in the functional parameters of the tubular and glomerular apparatus is typical. Cystoscopy detects changes in the mucosa lining the bladder. The cardinal sign of infection includes bacteriuria of more than one hundred and five microbial bodies in a milliliter of urine, which is taken from the middle part of the free morning stream, or another degree of bacteriuria with suprapubic puncture.
Acute infectious processes, as well as exacerbations of chronic currents, require immediate antimicrobial therapy. Thus, the spread of the damaging effects on the kidneys is prevented. In this case, as a rule, the initial drug is selected in accordance with the knowledge of the etiological characteristics of possible pathogens, their sensitivity to the medication used, as well as taking into account the experience of the previous treatment, clinical manifestations, patient age, availability of drugs, the expected side effect of the application.
If empirical therapy is ineffective for three days, correction is carried out by changing the antibiotic. In this case, urine culture data are taken into account . The mild course of infectious processes involves oral forms of antimicrobial medications. In severe forms of the disease, βstep-by-stepβ therapy is advisable, providing for the first three or five days to prescribe parenteral drugs. Subsequently (with the facilitation of the process), they are supposed to be replaced with oral medications.