Without exaggeration, each person needs to know the types of medical care and how to provide it - those that everyone can do. After all, anyone can get into an emergency.
There are such types of medical care:
- primary (unskilled);
- primary pre-medical (qualified);
- first medical;
- qualified medical practitioner;
- specialized, including high-tech.
Primary care provides the following activities:
- Providing initial medical care: stopping bleeding, heart massage, dressing of any damage to the limbs or abdominal cavity, etc .;
- immediate elimination of damaging factors - for example, exposure to low or high temperature, electric current.
- transportation of the injured person to the hospital.
Primary unqualified help is usually provided by people who do not have a special education, but know its methods, or specially trained by it - employees of the Ministry of Emergencies, sandruzniks, etc. The same help, primary pre-medical, is provided by paramedics, obstetricians before the patient arrives at the medical institution.
First aid is provided by doctors who have the necessary funds for this. Its volume depends on where the patient is located - at home, in an ambulance or in a clinic or hospital. Qualified medical assistance is provided in medical institutions and involves complex manipulations, including surgical interventions. Finally, the most complicated specialized medical care is provided in specialized clinics and institutes.
As for primary care in emergency situations, it is desirable to know the methods and rules for its provision to everyone. The most common of these are:
1. The mouth-to-mouth breathing. Artificial respiration is a way to remove a patient from such conditions in which independent respiratory activity is difficult, as a result of which the blood is not saturated with oxygen. Before starting manipulations related to artificial respiration, it is imperative to clean the victim’s nose and mouth with extreme care.
2. First aid for cardiac arrest.
Symptoms of cardiac arrest are as follows:
- unconsciousness;
- the pulse is not palpable;
- heart sounds are not heard;
- lack of respiratory activity;
- pale or bluish skin;
- large pupils;
- cramps.
In case of observation of such signs in the victim, it is necessary to start heart massage as soon as possible. It is carried out in conjunction with artificial ventilation of the lungs - this is necessary so that the blood is filled with oxygen. The effectiveness of the massage is indicated by a change in the patient's condition for the better.
3. Emergency medical care for injuries.
The main cause of death from injuries is huge blood loss. Wounds are superficial or deep. The types of medical care for their different types will be different. The first action in case of injury is to stop bleeding by applying a pressure bandage or tourniquet. The wound itself must be protected from dirt and harmful microbes by applying a sterile dressing. Never rinse a deep wound with water!
In case of wounds on the head and neck, a bandage bandage is applied - “eight” or in another possible way. Wide bandages are used to bandage the wounds of the chest and abdomen. In case of limb injuries, dressing starts from the bottom up - this is a prerequisite for applying a good dressing.
Types of medical care for external and internal bleeding:
1. Epistaxis is stopped by the application of ice, snow or a bandage dipped in cold water. You can stop bleeding by severely compressing the nose.
2. Pulmonary bleeding stops by applying cold to the chest.
3. When bleeding in the abdominal cavity of the patient is laid on a flat surface, while ice is placed on the stomach.
Initial care for sprains and bruises is identical, and is provided by applying a fixative bandage to the damaged area. With these injuries, rest of the damaged limb is necessary.
First aid for fractures includes ensuring the immobility of a broken limb, removing a person from a state of shock, organizing the quick transportation of the victim to the hospital.
Free medical services just include the provision of emergency medical assistance in emergency situations: in the latter case, an X-ray will be taken at the hospital and gypsum will be applied to the damaged limb to immobilize it. Before transporting a person with a suspected fracture, it is also necessary to lay a tire or in any other way to ensure complete immobility of the limb on the road.