Technical regulation is legislative in nature and consists in the establishment, application and implementation of generally binding requirements for marketable products, their creation processes, services, personnel and staff, as well as in a systematic assessment of compliance with the required.
One of the instruments of such regulation is the technical regulation. This is a document that spells out the rules regarding the objects of technical regulation. The latter may be various kinds of products, buildings, structures, constructions, processes of production, use, storage, transportation, sales and disposal procedures.
Application and execution of the document is binding.
Regulations and technical regulations. Can these concepts be combined?
The concepts under consideration cannot be called exactly identical. Rather, technical regulations are subspecies of the regulation that put forward certain requirements that may relate to the characteristic features of goods or services, as well as some production issues. The document may also contain conditions for the preparation of terminological definitions, symbolic designations, packaging, labeling or labeling.
Technical regulation: why is it needed?
The application of technical regulations is substantiated by the following objectives:
- Protection of the health or life of citizens in general, property of individuals and legal entities, as well as property owned by the state or municipal authorities. The regulatory document “dictates” the requirements for the production process, as well as for products that are obtained at the output. As a result, in the vast majority of cases, such conditions are brought together and represent technical standards, expressed in a variety of norms and indicators. Compliance with the technical regulation, all the standards prescribed in it, is a prerequisite for the production and release of goods.
- Protection of the surrounding world, health and life of representatives of flora and fauna.
- Prevention of actions by manufacturers, which may mislead consumers. Here the main task of regulation is to exclude the possibility of the manufacturer providing the buyer with information that is not true. Thus, only reliable information is provided. The main tool in the struggle for truth is the unity of dimensions.
The objects
The objects of technical regulation are:
- products;
- processes of product design, production, construction, installation, commissioning, use, storage, transportation, sale and liquidation.
Classification
Depending on how the requirements are established:
- Prescribing technical regulations. This is a clear prescription of product requirements, in which certain characteristics are advanced.
- Fundamental regulations. Requirements are set in general terms, including quality indicators that characterize one or another type of product or the process of its creation.
Depending on the area of distribution:
- General technical regulations. They can also be called horizontal. Such requirements are compiled for wide product groups regarding aspects related to the safety of various types: environmental, nuclear, radiation, biological, fire, electromagnetic compatibility and others.
- Special The second name is vertical. They are developed for individual subgroups of products that have a specific risk of harm that exceeds the considered degree of risk in the general technical regulation.
- Macro-industry technical regulations. These are some rules that combine common and special subspecies.
Technical Service Regulations
The objects of the document are machinery and equipment.
The type of technical regulations under consideration is a set of rules relating to the maintenance and repair of industrial equipment, as well as individual products or parts during use, storage and transportation.
The document contains a complete list of mandatory maintenance and repair work, their essence and principle are identified, the frequency of this or that operation is determined. The scope of work is preventive in nature and may include a wide variety of actions, depending on the subject of regulation.
Goals and objectives
The maintenance schedule is applied to eliminate equipment malfunction. Given this, the following tasks are subject to implementation:
- periodic checks of the technical condition of the regulatory object;
- replacement of planned parts, taking into account depreciation features;
- planned replacement of lubricating, cooling mixtures with an orientation to the operating time and condition of the equipment;
- the implementation of scheduled maintenance work, taking into account the degree of wear.
The maintenance schedule implies the systematic application of specific measures aimed at maintaining equipment in working condition. According to statistics, this method of solving technical problems guarantees the highest percentage of readiness of the control object. Feature - high cost. In other words, maintenance under the regulations demonstrates the highest levels of efficiency in carrying out service work, while being the most expensive way to maintain equipment in good condition, because it may not need to be repaired at that time.
Technical regulation on building safety
It regulates the rules that buildings and structures must comply with: construction, installation, operation and disposal processes. They are the objects of the document.
Content
The technical regulation on building safety is a legislative act that spells out minimalistic, but mandatory requirements for buildings and structures, as well as rules regarding the flow of work on their design, construction, installation, commissioning, use and liquidation.
The list of requirements includes:
- mechanical safety;
- fire department;
- safety during the occurrence of processes of a natural nature under various natural phenomena and man-made impacts;
- safety of buildings and structures for users;
- accessibility of buildings and other construction projects for persons with disabilities;
- energy efficiency of buildings;
- safety of the environmental impact of construction projects.
The technical regulations of buildings and structures should be fully implemented in the implementation of any construction work and processes. This will guarantee maximum security.
Technical regulations of vehicles
The objects are wheeled vehicles of the L, M, N, O categories, which are intended for driving on public roads, as well as the chassis of vehicles.
The technical regulation of wheeled vehicles does not apply to:
- Cars with a maximum speed of less than 25 km / h.
- Means of transportation, the purpose of which is to operate on roads that are not public.
- Cars that were brought into the territory of the customs zone of the Common Economic Space for a period of less than six months that fall under the corresponding customs regime that does not provide for the possibility of alienation.
- Units for sports competitions.
- Vehicles of categories L and M1 that were released at least thirty years ago.
- Machines belonging to the categories M2, M3 and H, not intended for passenger and freight transportation of a commercial type, the production of which dates back 50 years or more. In this case, the engine must be original, as well as the body or frame, if any.
- Vehicles owned by diplomatic or consular international organizations, which, in turn, have certain immunities and privileges in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms of interstate law.
Content
The requirements of the technical regulations of the type in question relate to safety, namely:
- The ban on installation for wheeled categories M1 and N1 of structural parts whose dimensions will obviously protrude in front of the bumper line. This rule does not apply to designs that are provided by the factory equipment or have passed conformity assessment, metal grilles weighing up to five hundred grams used as a protective accessory for headlights, as well as the auto-sign of state production and details of its fixation.
- Ban on the use of ozone-depleting substances in refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment for vehicles. There is a special approved list of such unacceptable substances that were compiled by the Commission of the Customs Union.
- Mandatory satellite navigation equipment with the GLONASS system of wheeled vehicles, which are included in category M, intended for use for commercial purposes, and in category N, intended for the transport of dangerous goods.
- Mandatory equipment with technical devices for monitoring the observance by car owners of the rules of the road movement, labor and rest. The requirements of the technical regulations apply to vehicles that are included in the category M2 and M3 (commercial transport of passengers), as well as in the category N2 and N3 (commercial freight transport).
- The Russian-language interface of a number of devices that act as a link between the user and electronic systems, providing visual and voice data, as well as driver control commands.
- The design of the vehicle should guarantee the effective operation of brake systems and steering, provide excellent handling and high stability indicators, fire safety, an overview of the external space for a person driving, electrical safety, energy efficiency, optimal location of the control panel. In addition, the machine must be designed in such a way that in the event of an accident the traumatic effects on the passengers of the vehicle are minimized as much as possible, and the possibility of an evacuation operation is easily accessible.
Compliance with the technical regulation of wheeled vehicles should be ensured by each manufacturer of vehicles whose products fall on the markets of countries that are members of the Customs Union.
Fire Safety Regulation
This is a document of the legislative level, which is a method of technical regulation in the field of fire safety.
The regulation defines the basic principles of ensuring fire safety, introduces classification systems and terms in this area.
Objects of technical regulations include: buildings, structures, construction objects of industrial importance, fire technical products, public goods.
Content
Fire technical regulations put forward certain requirements for industrial facilities, fire technical devices, and public products.
The content of the document also contains instructions on the procedure for assessing the conformity of objects that are under protection, as well as safety rules in the fire field.
Customs Union Regulations
A unified system of technical control has been created in the Russian Federation, the Republics of Belarus and Kazakhstan. The adoption of such regulations is the responsibility of the Customs Union Commission. After the document takes effect, national standards lose their significance and power. The technical regulations of the Customs Union are legislative acts that apply to the territories of three countries. It is very convenient from an economic point of view.
There is a single list of products regarding which technical regulations are created and established within the framework of the Customs Union. Such a list includes:
- vehicles and machine tools;
- low voltage equipment;
- high voltage devices;
- units for the proper operation of which gaseous type fuel is required;
- devices functioning under pressure in excess;
- vessels operating under pressure;
- equipment for work in explosive atmospheres;
- attraction equipment;
- elevators;
- wheeled vehicles;
- tractor equipment;
- agricultural machinery;
- equipment for forestry;
- tires
- rolling stock of railway transport;
- subway rolling stock;
- rail light vehicles, trams;
- types of sea transport;
- small boats;
- water transport of internal type;
- building;
- building materials;
- railway and metro infrastructure;
- highways;
- pyrotechnics;
- explosives
- light industry goods;
- Toys
- products for young children, as well as adolescent children;
- baby care products;
- tableware;
- perfumes and cosmetics;
- oral hygiene products;
- packaging container;
- personal protective equipment;
- fire safety equipment;
- medical devices;
- sanitary products;
- furniture products;
- chemical industry products;
- synthetic detergents;
- household chemicals;
- solvents and paints;
- fertilizers;
- substances to protect representatives of the flora;
- gasoline fuel, diesel, fuel for ships, reactive engines, fuel oil ;
- lubricants;
- water meters (water meters), gas, heat, electric;
- devices for accounting of black gold, oil refining products;
- food products;
- alcohol;
- feed and additives;
- grain products;
- tobacco products;
- weapons for sporting or hunting purposes, ammunition for it;
- electrical communication devices;
- pure coal products and coal.
The technical regulation on the safety of products of one kind or another contains the basic requirements that absolutely all manufacturers of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and Kazakhstan are required to comply with. Otherwise, their goods simply will not enter the market. The manufactured products, as well as the processes associated with their production, must clearly comply with the unified sanitary and epidemiological, hygienic, veterinary and other important requirements. In addition, products included in the Unified List must undergo a special examination, which will confirm its safety and compliance with all the requirements.