Ponds are natural or artificial accumulations of water that may have a permanent or temporary nature, decorative purpose, and settle down in parks and gardens. The flow of water is slow or absent.
Rivers are classified as watercourses because they have a constant, sometimes strong, current.
Natural Reserves: Lakes
The lake is a part of the water shell of the earth formed in depressions of various origins. Lakes are salty and fresh water bodies. Their science is studied by limnology, which claims that they are not part of the oceans. Often these ponds are salty. This is due to the fact that the process of accumulation of minerals takes place in them. The reason is the low level of runoff and water exchange. Bottom sediments accumulate at the bottom of the lakes.
The main classification is based on the shape and origin of the basins. The most common of them are tectonic, formed in faults of the earth's crust. Volcanic type lakes are formed in the craters of extinct volcanoes, mainly in the mountains. Dams are formed in places where a fragment of the mountain blocked the path of the river. Due to the dissolution of rocks, karst lakes are formed . In the mountainous regions of the Alps, the Caucasus, the Urals, glacial reservoirs are formed. These lakes are formed by the activity of a glacier.
What is a pond?
A pond is a reservoir of natural or artificial origin. It is created with the aim of preserving water, watering the surrounding areas, breeding fish. The natural pond is a small lake.
An artificial pond often serves as a reservoir. They form it, blocking the path of the river and forming a dam. The artificial pond is fed mainly from groundwater or river flow.
Ponds are fresh water bodies. To simplify the outflow of excess water, artificial drains are formed. Ponds are often found in rural areas. Here they have a certain economic role - raising fish, storing water for irrigation, sometimes washing.
There are two types of ponds: dug and dam. Inhabitants of water bodies - protozoa, algae, fish. Create special ponds for breeding valuable species of fish - trout, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon. Ponds specifically purify, form their own ecosystem in them.
The importance of reservoirs
Reservoirs are artificial reservoirs formed to store water on an industrial scale. Channel and lake reservoirs are distinguished, depending on their origin. They can also be covered, open and dammed.
The largest reservoirs in the world : Bratsk, Rybinsk - in Russia, Smallwood - in Canada, Nasser - in Egypt and Sudan. The creation of such reservoirs has enormous consequences, but not always positive ones. The main one is a radical change in the landscape. This also applies to fauna and flora. They have a negative effect on the conditions of spawning of fish.
Not the best consequence of creating such reservoirs is the siltation of reservoirs. The process is the formation of large sediment, sediment at the bottom. The water level is reduced. This process has been studied in detail since it harms the ecosystem. Residents of water bodies may vary.
Where do the old women come from?
Staritsa as natural reservoirs is a part of the channel where the river flowed earlier. Another name is Old Speech. Such ponds often have a bizarre shape - a sickle or crescent, loops, curls. How are old women formed? The formation process occurs when due to some reason the bed is straightened, and the previous curl or curvature remains cut off from the main reservoir. The main reason is flood when the river finds a more convenient path.
Sometimes the bends of one river are combined - so old women can also form. Such a process takes place in the presence of a large number of hoses. The entrances to the old woman are gradually brought in by silt, and the pond itself turns into a lake or a swamp. In the presence of food it can function, in the absence - to dry up. The largest elders can have a length of more than 500 meters.
What do water bodies eat?
Type of food - one of the main characteristics of the reservoir. He can characterize its structure and functions.
How can ponds eat? Firstly, by external surface runoff - rains, other water bodies. Secondly, groundwater, which can come close to the surface. Thirdly, artificially - the basin of the reservoir is filled forcibly. Fourth, the replenishment of waters of the combined type.
Groundwater is the most environmentally friendly because it is clean. If the lake has such nutrition, then duckweed and tina will be less likely to form in it. The most common combination type of food.
The guarantee of constant filling with water is the forced implementation of this process. Fill a pond or tap or irrigation water. The most frequent food is combined. Its sources can be rain, melt snow, groundwater and much more.
Ponds and their location on the ground
Ponds - these are water bodies located in a particular area. Where can they form? Places of formation, for example, of a lake, can be a river bed. The reservoir may be dammed or dug. Power is supplied, as a rule, from the river. Slope, watershed, and floodplain water bodies form on the relief. In such cases, the relief of the lake or pond is clearly visible.
In the floodplain, water bodies are formed with underground nutrition, combined, channel. They can be formed in the old man, where they put the gateways. A dam and pumps can be located here to use such a reservoir in industry.
Slope ponds are formed on the terraces of river valleys. They differ from others only in some design features.
In the watershed areas, watershed waters are arranged. They can feed on groundwater or artificially. Forced water can be supplied from a river or a well.
There are also ponds in embankments or ditches. They are quite widespread, they are easy to form and organize their nutrition. They can have any area. Building them is quite expensive.
In embankments, ponds serve primarily for storing water. Such an object can become the basis for a hydroelectric power station.
Creating a decorative pond
Decorative pond - what is it? This is an artificial water body, which performs the function of decorating the site, forming its completed appearance. Most often, the owners of private houses and summer cottages come to the idea of creating a decorative reservoir.
Artificial ponds are beautiful and stylish. What you need to know to successfully create such a decoration of the site?
To create a pond with your own hands is a feasible task for everyone. The shape and design of such a cozy corner of the garden can be very diverse. An artificial pond fits perfectly into any landscape, can become its constructive dominant.
To begin with, choose a place not very close to the house (it is better to consult with specialists in landscape design). Close proximity to home can harm the foundation.
Need to create a project. To do this, determine the shape of the reservoir: an oval, rectangle or an intricate figure. The project will allow you to determine the costs, materials, location of filtration systems. Next, you should choose high-quality materials - the durability and beauty of the pond depend on them.
When everything is selected and purchased, proceed. It is advisable, not themselves, but with the help of qualified specialists. The final stage is decoration by plants. This will complete the image of an ideal pond. You will receive a chic pond - the photo below represents one of the possible options for your garden.
Conclusion
Ponds, natural or artificial, are functional, but they can also be a perfect, beautiful addition to the design of your garden.
An aesthetic pond near your home will allow you to express individuality and emphasize the style of the garden. Especially popular is the creation of such elements in Japanese, classic, rustic style. The main thing is to correctly design a pond. Sometimes fish live in such reservoirs. The presence of the inhabitants of such miniature lakes is a matter of taste for the owners of the garden.