Diseases, both serious and not too, unfortunately, are not uncommon. In the fight against some diseases, it is impossible to do without antibiotics. Their application is evaluated in different ways. Doctors were divided into two camps: their supporters and their opponents. If you have a need to use antibiotics, then first of all you need to find out how your body will perceive them. This can be done by seeding for sensitivity to antibiotics. Decryption of the analysis will clarify everything.
What it is?
This procedure is based on the fact that each group of microorganisms living in our organs is sensitive to any group of antibiotics. Sensitivity is manifested in the arrest of their growth and reproduction, which ultimately leads to the death of these microorganisms. Based on this analysis, it is concluded which antibiotics are more effective in controlling specific bacteria.
What is an analysis, its interpretation?
Antibiotic sensitivity - what is it? Now there are three ways to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics:
- diffuse;
- bacteriological analyzer;
- serial dilution.
The first is that the test drug is sprayed onto a medium created by paper disks.
The second method mainly consists in the fact that, based on the bacteriological analysis, the sensitivity of microorganisms to the antibiotic is detected, the result is recorded in a special table, and its decoding takes place. Sensitivity to antibiotics becomes clear to the specialist.
The third method is recognized as the most accurate. When using it, bacteria are subject to serial dilution in antibiotic broth.
In general, regardless of the method chosen, the essence of the analysis is that the pathogen is isolated in its pure form and its reaction to a particular antibiotic is carried out, the sensitivity of microflora to antibiotics is clarified. The interpretation of this analysis in these aspects is extremely important.
What is it based on?
It is extremely important to make an analysis based on sterile fluids of organs or tissues from which the pathogen is taken. These include:
- blood;
- spinal fluid;
- urine
- vaginal microflora;
- microflora of the urethra.
The result of the analysis is a list of antibiotics to which the sensitivity of the studied microorganism was or was not shown. This result is provided in the form of a list called an antibioticogram. As the used measuring unit, the minimum amount of medicine that is necessary to destroy the microorganism that causes the disease is used.
Types of studied microorganisms
Conventionally, all microorganisms can be divided into three groups. Division is based on antibiotic resistance.
It can be distinguished:
- sensitive pathogens;
- moderately resistant pathogens;
- resistant pathogens.
In order to cause the death of sensitive microorganisms, a normal dose of the drug is enough. For a moderately stable microorganism, a maximum dose of the antibiotic is needed. And for the fight against resistant microorganisms, the maximum possible dose of an antibiotic will not help either.
Based on the result of the analysis, when its decoding is carried out, sensitivity to antibiotics is revealed, the doctor understands what dose of the medicine should be prescribed to the patient. In addition, he comes to the conclusion about the most effective drug and the duration of the course of treatment.
However, it should be noted that the sensitivity of the pathogen from the test tube and the sensitivity of the pathogen in the body may differ. This difference lies in the number of microorganisms in the body as a whole.
Unfortunately, there is no way by which an analysis could be made directly from the organ.
Therefore, despite the rather high accuracy of the analysis, it must be remembered that the detected sensitivity to the drug does not always coincide with the actual sensitivity of the patient's body. Based on this, the doctor should monitor the use of the drug so that the treatment does not go to waste.
Urinalysis
As mentioned earlier, the analysis should be based on sterile excretion of organisms. Urine primarily refers to them.
Urine tests are indicated for patients with diseases in the urinary system.
Symptoms of such diseases include:
- pain during urination;
- pain in the lumbar;
- disturbances in the process of urination;
- changes in the results of urine tests;
- reaction to the use of antibiotics in the organs responsible for urination.
In order to conduct such an analysis, you need a morning dose of urine. It must be collected in a special sterile container. You can either buy this container or use any suitable home container, for example, a simple small jar. However, it must be sterilized before use.
When collecting it is not necessary to use the first drops of urine and the last. This is how the most concentrated microorganisms, if any, urine get into the analysis.
A doctor should be warned if antibiotics were taken a few days before the sample was taken. They can cause a false result.
The analysis will take up to ten days. The duration of the study depends on the microorganisms. During these ten days, the urine will be subjected to a number of tests, as a result of which the doctor will get an idea of the causative agent of the disease, its sensitivity and the antibiotic with which the most effective treatment will be carried out.
Blood test
Like a urine-based analysis , an antibiotic susceptibility test, and a blood-based transcript helps to determine if a patient has any pathogens.
Blood also belongs to the sterile secretions of the body, it is often used in analyzes.
It should be taken before the patient begins taking antibiotics. If the collection was carried out after, then the results may be false.
Collection is made from veins. The amount ranges from five to ten milliliters.
After the blood has been taken, it is placed in a special bottle, in which a nutrient medium for bacteria is prepared. Sowing for sensitivity to antibiotics is performed. Decryption of the analysis is carried out according to the results after the completion of the process.
The results of the analysis are clarified after sixteen or eighteen hours. Time varies depending on the type of pathogen. In the end, it is determined by the moment when its growth becomes apparent.
This determines the type of pathogen, after which a check for stability begins.
Blood test results may be as follows:
- there are no pathogens in the blood;
- one type of pathogen was found;
- several types of pathogens.
The analysis and its decoding, the sensitivity to the antibiotics in which it is indicated, are transferred to the doctor, and that on their basis determines the type of treatment, the drug, its dosage.