The Russian Federation is the largest state in the world. Its open spaces stretched over more than 17 million km 2 . This is not the only record. Here is the deepest lake Baikal and the lowest temperature is observed .
The regions of the north of Russia deserve special attention primarily because they occupy almost half of the entire territory of the country. The second reason is no less significant - mineral deposits, which brought the country to a high economic level. However, the climatic conditions in these areas are so severe that not every person can withstand them. Long winter, which lasts 7-9 months, also contributes to discomfort. And summer is so short that only the top layer of the earth manages to thaw.
Far North: features of the region
Tundra, taiga, the Arctic zone - all this is the far north of Russia. This part of the state is located closest to the Arctic Circle. The climate here can hardly be called favorable for human life. Days are short, nights are long and cold. Strong winds are quite frequent, which, in the literal sense of the word, are torn down. These territories are commonly called the High North. The main advantage of this region is its unique mineral deposits. Scientists have discovered large deposits of copper, nickel, precious metals (gold), and in some places even diamonds. Due to the fact that this region has access to the Arctic Ocean, there is a highly developed industry for fishing and seafood, as well as huge reserves of oil and gas. Although the Far North is the coldest place in Russia, only the indigenous people can live here permanently, but the demand for jobs is always great. This is due to the high salaries and benefits that the state has developed to promote.
Siberia is a unique region of Russia
Between the Far Eastern region and the Ural mountains lies a fairly large geographical area - Siberia. From the north side it is washed by the Arctic Ocean, which allows the light industry to develop with dignity. On the south side, it has common borders with China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Siberia is the coldest place in Russia, where in some places the air temperature can drop below 70 0 . This region is quite extensive and is divided into eastern, southern, western and middle parts. Here is the deepest lake in the world - Baikal - and such deep-water rivers as the Amur, Ob, Yenisei, Lena. Unfortunately, due to the heavy industry, which is well developed here, ecologists began to notice an increased level of air pollution.
Far East: description of the region
The highlands, ranges, islands and peninsulas, which are located on the north side beyond the Arctic Circle, are united in a certain area - the Far East. It consists of 2 territories, 5 regions, one of them is autonomous, a republic and a district. From the northwest it is washed by the Pacific Ocean. The mountainous terrain with seismic activity prevails here. Frequent events are tsunamis and earthquakes. The nature of the north of Russia, in particular, in the Far East is particularly contrasting. Winter with a little snow, but still quite frosty, lasts more than 8 months. Summer is so short that the soil practically does not warm up. But in Kamchatka and Sakhalin, snow cover sometimes reaches 6 m, because of strong winds a blizzard often rises. Representatives of the animal world, listed in the Red Book, live in the Far East. These are the Amur tiger , leopard and the Daurian crane. Often you can find a stork and an eagle owl, which are at the stage of extinction. To maintain their population, special reserves and natural zones have been created.
Oymyakon village
The coldest place in Russia - according to unofficial data - the village of Oymyakon. In 1926, a record low temperature of -71.2 0 C was recorded, as evidenced by the records of one scientist. However, this fact was not officially recognized, since the weather station did not record such indicators.
The village of Oymyakon is quite small, no more than 600 people live in it. This climate is associated with its special location. First of all, it is the height above sea level, which is 745 m. The relief plays an important role. The village is located between the mountains in the hollow. Once there, cold air is in a kind of trap. The uniqueness of this place gives a warm spring that beats directly from the ground. By the way, it was thanks to him that the name occurred; “Oymyakon” in the language of local residents means “non-freezing water”.
Verkhoyansk - Russian homeland of Santa Claus
Verkhoyansk is a city in Yakutia with a population of just over 1 thousand people. Located in the north of the country, it officially ranks first in the list “Coolest Place in Russia”. Here, the norm is considered the temperature of 40 0 C-50 0 C below zero. Record indicators of the thermometer were recorded with a mark of -69.8 0 C (1892). Verkhoyansk has not been able to share this title for a long time with the village of Oymyakon. The debate of scientists continues to this day. Summer in this region is quite hot, sometimes the temperature can reach 40 0 heat, the average indicator fluctuates around 25 0 -30 0 .
Ust-Shchuger
The proof of the uniqueness of the climatic conditions of the northern part of Russia is the village of Ust-Schuger. It is part of the Komi Republic. Although these regions are not considered cold, in 1978 a record low temperature (-58 0 ) was recorded in winter. This phenomenon mainly occurs due to the peculiarity of the winds. It is they who fully affect the strength of frost.
Norilsk
Located in Siberia, Norilsk is one of the five leaders in the rating “Coolest Cities of the North of Russia”. Winter here is quite stable and lasts about 8-9 months. The average temperature is 30 0 below zero, and the record one is minus 53 0 . This city is famous for its heavy industry, which has no analogues throughout the country. However, unfortunately, this has its minus. These production led the city almost to an environmental disaster. And this, in turn, affects the life expectancy of the people living there. Basically, this problem occurs in almost all such settlements.
The cities of the north of Russia together account for more than half of the entire territory of the state. Although there are very harsh living conditions, but many people still go there for "big money."