The Yaroslavl dairy breed of cows is by far one of the most popular among Russian farmers. Its main advantages are high milk yield and unpretentiousness in care. At the moment, the livestock of the Yaroslavl breed is 3% of the total number of cattle in our country.
How was withdrawn
Yaroslavl breed of cows, characteristic whose productivity is really just excellent, I am about the bottom of the oldest in Russia and the world. Brought her back in the XIX century. As can already be judged by the name of the breed, it was obtained in the Yaroslavl province. Today, this cattle is successfully bred in seven regions of Russia. The main population is concentrated in the Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Tver and Vologda regions.
General description of the breed
The color of the cow of the Yaroslavl breed is usually black. Also, red-motley and black-motley colors are allowed by standards. Characteristic features of cattle of this breed are low, rather thin limbs, light horns with dark ends and a front part of a white color with black “glasses”. Actually, the head itself of these cows is usually dry and narrow.
The physique of the Yaroslavl cattle is pronounced dairy. The backbone of them is strong, the body is elongated, and the shapes are slightly angular. Cattle of this breed has very little subcutaneous fat. At the same time, the muscles in cows and gobies throughout the body are rather poorly developed. Also signs of the breed are:
- deep narrow chest;
- back of medium width;
- elongated neck;
- high withers;
- large belly with widely spaced ribs.
In addition to the front part, the belly, tip of the tail and lower parts of the limbs are often white in this cattle. The nasal mirror in animals is usually black.
The udder of Yaroslavl cows
This part of the body in representatives of the breed is very well developed. The udder of the Yaroslavl cows has a rounded shape. The front nipples in animals are wider than the rear. This is also one of the main features of the breed. The nipples themselves are of medium length. Therefore, the cow of the Yaroslavl breed is very easy to milk. The udder index is 40-45%. That is, after milking, it decreases almost twice. The skin on the udder of cows of this breed is very thin.
Milk production
In this regard, the Yaroslavl breed of cows, as already mentioned, is one of the best to date. From one animal per year, you can get up to 3000-6000 kg of milk. In this case, the milk yield from the recorders is often 7000-8000 kg. First-born heifers give about 2250 kg per year. The milk of these cows is rather oily - 4-4.5%. It can be used not only for fresh consumption or for making kefir, but also for the production of butter and cheese on an industrial scale. If the number of milk yields exceeds 6,000 kg, the fat content of the resulting product increases to 5.22%.
Meat productivity
An adult cow of the Yaroslavl breed usually reaches 125-127 cm at the withers. Calves are born small - by 28-30 kg. They subsequently gain weight relatively quickly. At half a year, calves weigh almost 180 kg, and about 300-350 kg a year. For an adult cow, this figure is 500 kg. Bulls usually weigh 100 kg more. The body weight of manufacturers can reach up to 800-1200 kg.
The weight of the animals of this breed is thus quite large. However, according to meat characteristics, no breeding work with the Yaroslavl cow has ever been carried out. Therefore, the meat yield of representatives of this breed after slaughter is relatively small (40-45%) . The best indicators in this regard are shown by those burenki in whose diet the amount of feed containing a lot of proteins was increased. First of all, these are concentrates - grain, crushed, high-quality bran.
Care Features
The Yaroslavl breed of cows is grown (photos of its representatives can be seen on the page) using the same technology as any other dairy. One of the main advantages of this cattle is its resistance to leukemia . The problem among farmers containing cows of the Yaroslavl breed associated with this disease almost never occurs. Even if one animal becomes infected with leukemia , the epidemic will most likely not start. This cattle is quite resistant to other dangerous infectious diseases.
Yaroslavl cows consume very little feed. There is a cow of the Yaroslavl breed , ak and any other cattle, roughage, root crops, concentrates. The most effective when raising Yaroslavl cattle is three meals a day.
One cow of the Yaroslavl breed in its entire life can bring up to 5 calves. Gobies and heifers are born healthy and strong. Their care is carried out according to conventional technology. The daily weight gain of calves with proper feeding usually reaches 700-750 grams.
Yaroslavl breed of cows: reviews of farmers
Of course, this productive cattle is very popular among Russian breeders. The profitability of those farms where cattle of this breed are bred is determined not only by high rates of milk yield, but also by the fecundity of cows, as well as their undemanding for feed. On pastures, the weight of these cows is just fine.
The advantages of the Yaroslavl breed of cows are obvious. This cattle has practically no disadvantages. Farmers consider the not-so-beautiful and harmonious shape of their bodies a certain disadvantage of this cattle . Thin limbs of Yaroslavl cows in extreme situations often break. However, since this does not affect milk production at all, and this small minus has practically no effect on the popularity of the breed. The only thing - experienced farmers are advised to avoid grazing these cows in an area with a large number of stones and various kinds of bumps. The skin of Yaroslavl cows cannot be used for the manufacture of leather products. The fact is that they are very thin and easily torn. This can also be considered a definite disadvantage of the breed.
Yaroslavl cows deserved good reviews, including for their prevalence. If necessary, buy such calves is not difficult. Yes, and the Yaroslavl young growth is not too expensive. The same goes for good manufacturers.