The development of physical abilities involved in various sciences related to physical education and sports: pedagogy, psychology and physiology. In order to solve the problems associated with physical development and upbringing, it is necessary not only to carefully approach directly the determination of endurance, the determination of flexibility and other physical qualities, but also to search for optimal means and methods of their development.
What are physical qualities?
Such qualities are represented, by definition, by strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, dexterity. They are directly related to motor abilities, being, in fact, their basis. They appear in motor skills and abilities. Physical qualities are innate, they provide motor activity of a person.
What is flexibility in physical education: definition
Well-developed flexibility is needed in various sports. One of the tasks solved by physical education is the development of flexibility. A well-developed given physical quality is an important condition for successful training in physical exercises.
One of the manifestations of flexibility is associated with internal changes that affect the joints, muscle and cardiovascular system. The consequences of lack of flexibility may be impaired posture, the occurrence of osteochondrosis, salt deposition, changes in gait. Insufficient flexibility in athletes can lead to injuries and not allow perfect mastery of the technique.
The very definition of flexibility is used to indicate the properties of the motor apparatus, which determine the degree of mobility of its links relative to each other.
Flexibility characteristic
In various types of sports and production activities, flexibility acts as a success factor. It provides a better and faster mastering of the techniques of performing movements, contributes to a more economical use of speed, strength and other physical qualities, which allows much more effective practical results.
According to the definition of the physical quality of flexibility, it simultaneously refers to the structure and functions of the musculoskeletal system, that is, it acts as morphofunctional. Through this quality, the ultimate boundaries of the movements of various parts of the body are determined.
Classification
The following factors are the most important features that allow classifying flexibility:
- in what mode the muscles work;
- used or not external help.
In accordance with this, one can distinguish such forms of flexibility as:
- dynamic (manifested in motion);
- static (allows you to maintain body position);
- active, it can be characterized by the magnitude of the amplitude of movements during independent exercise due to the muscular efforts of the body;
- passive, where the maximum value of the amplitude of movements, which is achieved with external exposure, acts as a characteristic.
Features of manifestation
By definition, flexibility is the ability to perform movements with significant amplitude. This term is most acceptable when mobility of all joints of the body in the aggregate is considered. In relation to individual joints, it is more appropriate to use the concept of "mobility". Thanks to good flexibility, freedom, speed, economy of movements are ensured, and there is an increase in the path of effective application of efforts. The insufficient development of flexibility contributes to the difficulty in coordinating human movements, which is associated with the restriction of the movements of individual parts of the body.
In determining flexibility, forms of its manifestation are considered. At the same time, active and passive flexibility can be highlighted. Active flexibility is determined by the execution of movements with large amplitude, which ensures the own activity of a particular muscle group. Passive flexibility is considered as the ability to perform movements that are simultaneously influenced by external tensile forces: the partner’s efforts, external weights, special devices and so on.
In accordance with the method of manifestation (and by definition), flexibility is divided into dynamic and static. The manifestation of dynamic flexibility is associated with movements, static - with poses.
Flexibility can also be general and special. General flexibility is characterized by high mobility (range of motion) of all joints of the body. Special flexibility is associated with the amplitude of movements that correspond to the technique of performing a specific motor action.
Means and methods of development
The greatest pedagogical effect of tools and methods aimed at developing flexibility is observed if they are applied systematically and purposefully. At the same time, stretching exercises should be applied in a small amount, but they need to be performed often.
As a means of ensuring the development of flexibility are exercises that can be performed with maximum amplitude. They have another name - stretching exercises. Antagonist muscles are the main limitation on the range of movements. The task of stretching exercises is the stretching of the connective tissue in these muscles, the desire to make them supple and elastic.
Stretching exercises are divided into active, passive and static. The main characteristic of active movements is the full range of execution (swings with limbs, jerks, tilts and rotational movements of the body) can be performed without objects and with objects.
Passive flexibility exercises include:
- movements that are performed with the help of a partner;
- movements that are performed with weights;
- movements in which use a rubber expander or shock absorber;
- passive movements can also be performed when using one's own strength (for example, when pulling the body to the legs, bending the hand with the other hand, etc.);
- movements that are performed on shells (weights are the body’s own weight).
When performing static exercises for which the partner’s help is used, body own weight or strength, it is necessary to maintain a stationary position with a maximum amplitude for a certain time (6-9 s). After completing one approach, you need to relax, after which the exercise is repeated.