The teaching process in a modern school is an extraordinary phenomenon, complex, consisting of many elements, like a mechanism in a watch. The final result of the teacher’s work depends on the coordinated work of each element. For this, in fact, he conducts his lesson. An important role in the educational system is played by teaching methods, the way in which the student obtains knowledge, how the necessary skills are formed in him.
Concept of methodThe issue of methodological terminology is rather controversial. Throughout the emergence and development of pedagogy as a science, it was interpreted differently. In particular, it was assumed that the teaching method is that type of activity of the student and teacher, which is used in the lesson. For example, when studying the Russian language and literature, the following methods are used: frontal survey method, independent work, expressive reading. Verbal drawing, commented reading and many others are no less effective. Thus, it turns out that the teaching method is the same as the ways of organizing school activities.
Didactics, each method is divided into 3 main components: the objectives of learning the subject, the ways of assimilation of knowledge, the interaction of subjects involved in the process. The first component explains why the student needs this or that subject, how it will be useful to him in the future, for which he is included in the school curriculum. For example, having completed a Russian language course from 1st to 9th grade and beyond, a graduate who has graduated from a gymnasium, school or lyceum should be able to write correctly, fluent in speech, and communicative skills. From the walls of his educational institution, he is obliged to bring such knowledge that later will help him navigate in various life and social situations and realize himself as a person. From this point of view, the teaching method is a bridge from theory to practice.
The second component explains, through which - a system of exercises, special tasks, etc. - this knowledge will become the property of the student.
And the third - what kind of relationship develops between the student and teacher. Will the teacher for his ward be the main source of knowledge or in the latter will the ability to independently extract them be formed and as a result: independence, critical thinking, creative approach. That is, in fact, the student’s position is passive or active in relation to the educational process. Based on this, it can be argued that the teaching method is the types and methods of joint work of students and teachers to successfully solve the main tasks of didactics. In other words, this is the unity of theory and practice in educational work.
Educational technology
It is clear that the lesson will be productive if it is filled with a variety of forms and methods of work. Children need to be constantly interested in order to understand and learn something new. This is primarily true for junior and middle school students. What methods of teaching the Russian language at school can be used for this contingent?
First of all, of course, gaming. For young students, the game is one of the main means of understanding the world and relations between people. Therefore, it is quite natural that a lesson-journey, for example, into the country of suffixes of the name of the adjective will make it possible to master the material in a relaxed and extraordinary atmosphere, and the result will be much stronger than in the traditional form “opened the textbooks - read the rule - write an exercise”.
The so-called differentiated approach is also very productive. The use of differentiation-based teaching methods is effective in any class, but especially where the composition of students is heterogeneous in terms of preparedness. Suppose schoolchildren who are stronger write faster, read more confidently, learn more quickly. And the weaker ones cannot keep up with them. The teacher faces a dilemma: concentrate on the former - the latter will be left to their own devices and will lag even further. Work only with the second - the first will suffer, because their potential will be unclaimed.
If, in preparation for the lesson, the teacher begins to select tasks taking into account the characteristics of the whole contingent, all the children will be engaged in hard work, and the study will successfully move forward. For such cases, there are various additional exercises, cards, diagrams, creative assignments, etc. The computer technology methods, modular methods, and many others are well recommended. The main thing is that the teacher understands exactly why he needs this or that method, how expedient it is to apply it and what result should be expected.