On the territory of the Russian Federation there are many entities, including districts, territories and republics. Each of them plays an important role in the development of the country and has a number of its own characteristics. But there is a key subject. This is the Central Federal District, which is the historical and economic core of the state for many centuries. In this article, we consider the economic condition of the district, its geography, attractions and other features.
General information
The Central Federal District of the Russian Federation is the territory of the country with the highest population density. It was founded in 2000 by decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin. There are no republics in the district, it includes only the regions and the capital city of Moscow. It is also the administrative center of the district and the largest city. The name does not come from the geographical location of the district, but from its historical function.
This territory has always been the most developed economically, culturally and politically. The district has the best educational institutions of the country, the most advanced transport communication system has been established. Within its limits, successfully developing: automotive, instrumentation and other industries. Many residents of Russia and other countries come to a permanent place of work in the Central Federal District or Moscow as the most prestigious and promising cities for living and development.
Geography
Regions of the Central Federal District cover an area of 650,200 square kilometers. This is almost 4% of the entire territory of Russia. CFD is located on the East European Plain. At the borders, the district converges with Belarus and Ukraine.
Within the Central Federal District, mixed, deciduous forests grow. Part of the territory is occupied by steppes and forest-steppes. Some large rivers flow there: the Volga, Don, Dnieper and Western Dvina. The climate is temperate. The temperature in winter averages -15 degrees Celsius, in the summer - +22 degrees.
A large number of minerals are mined in the Central Federal District. These include phosphate rock, cement raw materials, granite, coal. Almost 20% of all Russian railways extend in the Central Federal District.
Population
In the Central Federal District of Russia , 39,209,580 people live. There are 60 people per square kilometer. This is more than 25% of the total population of the country. Almost half of them live in the capital of the Central Federal District. Moscow and the Moscow region have become home to more than 17 million citizens.
An important fact is that the population continues to grow. For the past 7 years, its number has been continuously increasing. Each year, 200-300 thousand people arrive in the Central Federal District. The birth rate is also rising. Since 2002, there has been an increase in the life expectancy of people living in this part of the country.
The majority of the population are Russians, they are almost 90% of the total population. In second place are Ukrainians, with their share of only 1%. Next come the Armenians, Tatars and Azerbaijanis with a share of less than 1%. Among the languages, the Slavic group also prevails, that is, the Russian language. Its share is more than 92%.
sights
Significant sights of Russia are located on the territory of the Central Federal District.
Kolomna Kremlin. One of the most impressive places in the country. The Kremlin was built between 1525 and 1531 and served as an impregnable fortress for the Moscow state for many years. To date, only part of the fortress, several walls and 7 towers have been preserved. The Assumption Cathedral and a couple of chapels, which are also worth a visit, were built within the Kremlin.
Smolensk fortress wall. The wall was erected between 1595 and 1602. Its length is 6.5 kilometers. Smolensk fortress was an important tactical territory for the Russian state. Since the beginning of the 17th century, enemy troops stormed it many times, so today only a part of the fortifications has remained from it.
Khopersky Reserve. Founded in 1935, the reserve played a decisive role in saving the Russian muskrat, whose population was on the decline. The reserve is one of the richest in Eastern Europe. On its territory there are 400 lakes, which each spring flood up to 80% of the entire reserve. The Economic Department of the Central Federal District pays special attention to the development of this environmental zone.
Economy
Almost 34% of the total gross regional product falls on the Central Federal District. 22% of agricultural and 26.5% of industrial product should be included here.
The total share of the Central Federal District industry is approximately equal to 20% of the entire country. The Chernozem region, which has become the unspoken core of Russia, is the leader in industrial production, scientific and technical potential, mechanical engineering and other industries.
The Central Federal District is also a leader in terms of socio-economic development when compared with other federal districts of the country. A large number of specialists from the areas of the production and technical plan live on its territory.
CFD produces more than 22% of the country's total electricity, 19% of ferrous metals. A large number of dairy products are produced here, up to 30% of all bread and a lot of alcohol (almost half) are exported from here.
Education and science
More than 80% of all scientific developments in Russia are carried out precisely in the Central Federal District. Scientific laboratories and centers concentrated within the district represent almost the entire potential of the whole state. Scientists from all over the country are flying to Moscow to receive funds for the development of their activities or to start working with other capable figures.
An important role in this is played by the education system of the Central Federal District. Almost 40% of universities are located here, and a third of all students study in this particular district. The educational institutions of Moscow and the Moscow Region are very popular among young people, since it is believed that it is in Moscow universities that one can get a decent education with a great deal of potential for the future and the possibility of further development.
Innovation
Up to 25% of all innovative ideas and developments are born within the Central Federal District. This is facilitated by research centers and technology parks like Skolkovo. New ideas are constantly being developed on their territory. Skolkovo engineers work on projects for international companies, create web services and other high-tech products for both general use and private enterprises. An important aspect in development has always been feedback. Experts from all over the country are constantly sharing their experience, gathering conferences and giving Russia new talents that the state is developing daily, which is technologically somewhat behind the others. Many graduates of Russian and foreign universities today work in IT companies located in the Central Federal District.
Transport system
In the Central Federal District, one of the most advanced and large-scale transport systems operates. The Trans-Siberian Railway extends through its territory. Among the types of vehicles used within the Central Federal District, we can distinguish railway transport, automobile, aviation, water, as well as underground (Moscow metro).
The length of roads in this region in 2010 is 146,391 kilometers. 65 major railways pass through the Central Federal District. Here is located the Moscow transport hub (by the way, the largest in Russia).
As for air transport, in addition to the well-known Vnukovo and Sheremetyevo, another 29 airports operate in the Central Federal District. All are operated by the Federal Transport Agency.
Another important mode of transport operating in this district is pipeline. Here are the longest pipelines in the country. For example, the Nizhny Novgorod-Ryazan trunk oil pipeline. Its length is as much as 230 kilometers.