Blood is the most important fluid in the body. Any interventions or diseases that lead to a decrease in its quantity or to a deterioration in its composition are extremely dangerous for human health and life. Therefore, in medicine, methods have been developed to maintain the optimal composition of blood and its required amount in the body. One of the drugs needed for diseases of the hematopoietic system is Cryoprecipitate. The article discusses its composition, instructions for use, dosage, preparation and storage conditions, as well as its effect on the human body.
The composition of the drug
In fact, "Cryoprecipitate" is a blood plasma preparation containing the components necessary for its coagulation - coagulation. The main active ingredients are human blood coagulation factor VIII (factor VIII) and fibrinogen - plasma proteins. The lack of these components in the body leads to a deterioration in the ability of coagulability and, as a result, to bleeding and disturbances in the activity of organs caused by it.
After receiving the plasma preparation from the donor, it is frozen, and then centrifuged - the process of isolating the necessary components in the composition. Next, the resulting liquid is frozen again.
Indications for use
"Cryoprecipitate" is a medicine prescribed for the following indications:
- hemophilia A (a disease characterized by blood clotting);
- von Willebrand disease (episodic spontaneous bleeding);
- intravascular coagulation;
- general lack of fibrinogen;
- afibrinogenemia (lack of fibrinogen in the body);
- uremia (autointoxication);
- factor XIII deficiency;
- surgical interventions (operations, tooth extraction, etc.).
The above situations contribute to a decrease in blood coagulability or a lack of its components in the body. Therefore, "Plasma Cryoprecipitate" is prescribed as a treatment in these cases.
In addition, the drug is used to make fibrin glue, which is used in surgical operations.
Labeling and storage
The following data should be on the cryoprecipitate package or in the accompanying annotation:
- name of the component;
- affiliation of the drug according to the AB0 system;
- indication of belonging according to the Rh factor system;
- information about the manufacturer;
- production date;
- terms of use;
- instructions for use and storage of the drug.
The duration of storage of "Cryoprecipitate" depends on temperature. The maximum allowable period is three years. For two years, the drug can be stored at a temperature not exceeding -25 ° C. At minus 18-25 ° C, the period is from three to six months.
Preparing Cryoprecipitate for Introduction
The main route of administration of Cryoprecipitate is infusion (intravenous infusion). Any intravenous injection and transfusion requires careful preparation and caution. Therefore, preparing the drug for administration, it is necessary to follow certain measures.
As stated, Cryoprecipitate is stored frozen. Therefore, before introducing into the patient's body, it must be thawed. The drug is dissolved in a water bath at a temperature of at least 35 ° C. This usually takes 5-10 minutes. The finished solution should have a light yellow color and a uniform composition - there should be no flakes. Defrost cryoprecipitate relies only immediately before infusion. It is injected through a syringe or system for transfusion.
Frozen storage can sometimes damage the packaging. Therefore, before dissolving "Cryoprecipitate" you must make sure that there are no leaks. Otherwise, the packaging with the drug is written off.
Repeated freezing can not be done.
Drug use
Compliance with the requirements of the instructions for "Cryoprecipitate" must be strictly observed.
Preferably, the infusion of the drug comes from a donor compatible with the patient according to the AB0 system. Before and after use, it is necessary to take a blood test from a patient for fibrinogen and factor VIII to evaluate the effectiveness of the effect. In addition, the dosage of the drug depends on the result of the preliminary analysis.
The introduction is jet, slowly. If the recipient worsens, for example, a rapid heartbeat, the infusion rate decreases. In most cases, this is enough to relieve symptoms.
The dosage is calculated as follows: 1 unit of the drug per 1 kg of the patient's weight increases the activity of factor VIII by approximately 1%.
The concentration of factor VIII in plasma should be:
- above 20% activity in hematomas, gastrointestinal bleeding;
- with injuries - from 40%;
- during surgical interventions - from 70%.
For the formation of a blood clot, most patients require a dose of 120 mg / dl and higher.
It is believed that the amount of fibrinogen in the patient’s blood, which is required for hemostasis, is more than 100 mg / dl. One dose of "Cryoprecipitate" increases the concentration of fibrinogen by an average of 5-10 mg / dl. Infusion of 10 containers of the drug increases fibrinogen by 80-100 mg / dl for an adult patient.
Effects on the body
What happens to the body during transfusion of "Cryoprecipitate"?
The injected drug improves blood coagulation due to its saturation with fibrinogen and an increase in factor VIII. Thus, after transfusion, bleeding stops. This is a necessary measure for injuries, severe hematomas and diseases that cause blood loss.
With surgical intervention in the body, "Cryoprecipitate" is introduced half an hour before the operation and then several more times within one to two weeks. The duration of treatment depends on the strength of the bleeding and the general ability of the tissues to recover.
Side effects
When treating with "Cryoprecipitate" the following side effects are possible. Among them:
- allergic reactions;
- fever, chills, decreased pressure;
- sepsis;
- erythrocyte hemolysis;
- violation of the sensitivity of the oral mucosa;
- difficulty breathing, etc.
What else is important to know when treating with "Cryoprecipitate"
Contraindications to admission - high individual intolerance.
"Cryoprecipitate" is a drug that can be prescribed to pregnant and lactating women, provided that the health benefits exceed the potential risk to the child.
The blood plasma from which "Cryoprecipitate" is obtained is usually tested for the possibility of transmission of infections, such as HIV, hepatitis and others. However, there is a risk of infection of the recipient through transfusion of the drug.
A possible consequence of the use of "Cryoprecipitate" is the development of thrombosis, myocardial infarction.
During treatment of the patient with the drug, regular plasma examinations should be performed to ensure the adequacy of treatment and the presence of positive dynamics. If treatment does not bring the expected results, it is worth examining for the presence of antibodies that interfere with the absorption of the drug in blood plasma. If the tests for antibodies gave negative results, then it would be advisable to increase the dose of the drug.
"Cryoprecipitate" should not be used in treatment if there is no proven shortage in the body of the factors contained in this drug.
Conclusions on the article
Cryoprecipitate is a blood plasma preparation necessary to maintain its coagulation ability.
It is prescribed for patients with hemophilia, a lack of fibrinogen and in connection with surgical treatment.
The use of the drug requires careful preparation and compliance with safety measures.
In the case of effective treatment, coagulation ability is restored, bleeding stops.