In nature, there are phenomena such as dew, rain, frost, snow. They occur in different seasons and are repeated from year to year due to the water cycle. How frost, dew, snow and rain are formed, read the article.
Dew formation
Water vapor contained in the air is cooled. Its condensate is deposited on the earth's surface with drops of water, this is dew. Why is dew formed? It occurs mainly at night. This is because the earth's surface at this time cools more intensely, since the sun has already set. Its rays do not heat the earth, and it cools. Condensation forms - droplets of water called dew.
How is dew formed? From the point of view of physics, this is explained as follows. If the air temperature is different, then the quantitative composition of water molecules is also different. This is the definition of humidity. When the temperature drops, the moisture in the air becomes less. Its excess condenses on surfaces that are colder than air. This is how dew forms.
How is dew formed? A favorable condition for its formation is a clear sky without clouds and the presence of surfaces that give off heat accumulated during daylight hours, such as tree leaves and grass. That is why a person sees droplets of water on them in the early morning.
The dew formation in intensity varies. It depends on the region. In areas with a tropical climate, dew is formed most often, since the air in this area contains water vapor in large quantities. How is dew formed? Its formation then occurs when air has a positive temperature. Only under such conditions can water vapor condense and turn into droplets of water. How is dew, hoarfrost formed? If the air temperature is negative, the steam instantly passes into a solid state, frost is formed . This is a very beautiful natural phenomenon, especially if you watch it in the forest.
What is rain in the understanding of ancient people?
In this distant past, they sang songs about this amazing natural phenomenon, composed legends. Ancient people called rain tears falling from the sky, the force of life. And on the other hand, rain was considered a heavenly punishment that could flood the whole world. Man has always been interested in how rain, snow, and dew form. The most common and popular at that time was the theory that rain was explained by divine origin.
Rain in nature
How the dew is formed, found out. And here is how it rains, let's take a look. Precipitation in the form of rain occurs when water vapor rises with heated air up to the very clouds, where the air temperature is negative. Clouds form clouds. Drops of water fall from them to the ground. Rain is part of a very important natural process called the water cycle.
In nature, water constantly evaporates from different surfaces, which are water bodies, plants or soil. Steam enters the atmosphere, which is carried by powerful streams of warm air up to the clouds from which clouds form.
How is dew formed, rain? Dew occurs due to the difference in positive temperatures. Rain formation is different. In the clouds, the vapor turns into small ice crystals. The weight of the vapor increases due to them, and the crystals begin to fall down, since they cannot be held in the clouds. When falling on their way, warm air meets again, due to which the crystals are transformed into drops of water and fall on the ground, this is rain.
Water droplets have the same shape, but different sizes. Raindrops are round, the diameter of the smallest reaches half a millimeter, the largest - six. Drops smaller than the smallest in size are called drizzles, and large drops, hitting the ground, are broken.
In different regions, rains have different intensities. Its degree is influenced by temperature factors, air humidity and the speed with which air flows. If the climate is characterized by constant high temperatures, the warming of the earth's surface is stronger and much faster. Due to this, water vapor rises up with heated air of a more powerful flow and faster in time. Therefore, rains in warm climates are more intense and more frequent.
What is hoarfrost?
It is a layer of very thin ice that covers the earth's surface, as well as all objects located on it. This occurs provided that the air temperature is minus. Favorable conditions for the appearance of frost include wind of low power and the absence of clouds in the sky in large numbers.
Frost formation
This process occurs when there is a difference between the air temperature and the surfaces on which the frost appears, even if it is very small. Water vapor immediately settles, crystallizes and covers all surfaces. Moreover, the water passes the phase of the liquid state, passes from the gaseous state immediately to solid.
Given the laws of physics, the formation of hoarfrost is explained as follows. When the nights get cold and the air temperature drops below the freezing point of the water, the water crystallizes, that is, ice is obtained from it. So frost is formed.
How is dew, hoarfrost, rain formed? A prerequisite for the appearance of dew and rain is the presence of positive air temperatures, and for hoarfrost - negative. The formation of frost occurs on any surface, but on objects with a rough surface and low thermal conductivity, such as on the ground, trees, faster.
This process is facilitated by a weak wind, since due to the movement of air, the flow of fluid increases. It is important that there is no strong wind, otherwise the air will move too quickly, and this creates interference in the process of frost formation, that is, the crystallization process does not have time to complete.
Crystals of hoarfrost have a different shape, which determine the ambient temperature, of course, in general terms. If the crystals are in the form of needles with blunt ends, then there is severe frost on the street. Crystals in the form of prisms with six angles indicate that there is no severe frost. If frost crystals appeared at an average temperature of a winter day, then their shape resembles a plate.
What are frost flowers?
This is a form of hoarfrost, which got its name because of the patterns that frost creates when settling on the surface. Patterns are in the form of leaves and flowers. This occurs when the period with positive temperatures lasts a long time - in the fall and is characterized by warm soil and sharp cooling. Patterns are more likely to be seen on soil free of vegetation and debris. Much less often they appear on the surfaces of other objects or objects, for example, on the ice of a lake. This is due to the temperature of the water, which is higher in the pond.
There are water molecules in the air in the living room. In the frosty period, any windows are much colder than the walls. Warm air gives its moisture to a cold window, which settles on the surface with droplets of water and remains there. In severe frosts, water droplets crystallize. A variety of patterns are formed on the window, the beauty of which depends on many factors, and above all on the structure of the crystals. The directions of air flows, scratches on the glass surface and small particles of dust also matter.
Interesting fact: hoarfrost never occurs on branches of woody and herbaceous plants, as well as on wires. What is deposited on them has a different name.
Hoarfrost
It spreads where frost does not form, that is, on branches of trees, shrubs, wires and other delicate objects that have the ability to branch. Scientists believe that the formation of hoarfrost is the result of freezing of the steam that is contained in the water.
Hoarfrost is ice crystals that have chosen long thin objects as their place of formation, and the conditions of formation are freezing temperatures, light wind, fog or thick haze.
Snow formation
Snow falls when the air temperature is below two degrees of heat, and its melting is above zero degrees. An interesting fact: when the snow melts, in the area of its precipitation, the air becomes colder, that is, the temperature drops. The process of snow formation is simple. How is dew, hoarfrost, snow formed? Hoarfrost appears in conditions of positive temperatures, and snow - negative. In the cold period of time, frozen drops of water are in the clouds. They have microscopic dimensions and are attracted by dust particles. Since the temperature is negative, all this freezes, the formation of small ice crystals occurs, the size of which does not exceed a tenth of a millimeter. The mass of crystals increases during the fall due to the fact that the condensation of the vapor does not stop.
The crystals formed have six ends. Between them are always the right angles: sixty or one hundred and twenty degrees. When falling, the crystals increase in size because new crystals form at their ends.
Snowflakes
These are ice crystals of various types, connected in several pieces into a hexagonal structure. Each snowflake always has six sides. If the temperature is low, small snowflakes and a simple structure form. If high - they are formed from many crystals. Snowflakes take the form of stars, and their diameter can reach several units or tens of centimeters.
Shapes of snowflakes are different, there are many. But the main ones are only nine. These are stars, needles and plates, columns and cufflinks, fluffs, icy and croupy snowflakes, hedgehogs. These groups include about 50 species, which complicate the basic form. Each tiny snowflake is 95 percent air. That is why it is very slowly descending to the ground, its fall rate is 0.9 kilometers per hour.