Children's disability is a fairly common phenomenon, and there is no tendency to reduce the number of young citizens suffering from various diseases, despite all the innovative possibilities of medicine. Birth injuries, adverse environmental and social environment in which the child is, are the main causes of injuries. Living with it is very difficult, but possible.
Reasons to see a doctor
Several adverse factors lead to birth injury, the carriers of which can be both the mothers themselves and the medical staff. Symptoms of diseases that give parents a reason to apply for benefits for children with disabilities are not manifested from the first days of life in every newborn. Some can be found after discharge from the hospital, when parents have more opportunities to observe the child, or even after a few months. According to official statistics alone, annually in Russia about 20% of births end in injuries of the babies. However, it is necessary to take into account the fact that this figure includes only those cases that were recognized pathological immediately after the birth of newborns. Obvious even with a cursory inspection. And taking into account the diagnosed injuries after some time after discharge from the hospital, this figure is much higher.
The first alarm signal that should alert parents and become the reason for the immediate detection of hidden pathologies in a child is a difficult birth. This process is usually influenced by the characteristics of the mother’s body, her age, pregnancy, genetic predisposition to various diseases. Pathologies of the development of the child in the womb: improper position, lack of water, excessive size of the fetus can also cause difficult childbirth. And of course, the mistakes of midwives. An anomaly detected in the genital ward is the first document on the basis of which benefits can subsequently be assigned to families with children with disabilities.
It is especially necessary to carefully monitor the baby in the first six months of his life. When should all the main reflexes appear, testifying to its proper development. If he cries loudly, he has a decrease in muscle tone, he is apathetic or too anxious, then you need to think about appointing a comprehensive examination. This does not take into account pronounced problems: heavy sleep, vomiting, weak sucking reflex and many other obvious pathologies of the normal development of the baby.
Understand. To accept
Often, the cause of a child’s illness lies in a genetic predisposition to serious diseases. If in a family from generation to generation children with the same pathologies are born, there is reason to think about the future of future generations of a kind. In this case, the probability of having children with disabilities is too high. Benefits to mothers due from the state are unlikely to cover all the costs of treatment and maintenance of a sick child. This fact must be understood before planning pregnancy and take it into account all the possible consequences. Only in this case, in our social shelters there will be less abandoned sick children.
A huge percentage of disability is caused by traffic accidents. According to statistics, every five accidents out of a hundred end with childhood injuries of varying severity, most of which are incurable. Oxygen starvation of the brain during pregnancy also leads to many serious illnesses in the baby. Including cerebral palsy - a fairly common form of disability in our country. Any pathology significantly complicates the lives of children and parents, especially congenital. To accept the situation as it is is already a victory over the prevailing circumstances. The state in this case provides some support - it assigns various benefits to families with children with disabilities, but they have to find the physical and psychological forces to live with such a child inside themselves.
Given the possible difficulties in all spheres of human life, starting from birth, we can count on the assistance of state structures. Free medication, spa treatment, study, travel, the provision of a pension for caring for children with disabilities, housing and communal services are part of the social assistance package in the situation of raising children with disabilities in the family. Naturally, its receipt will become possible after the correct and timely execution of all necessary documents.
Paperwork
The main government organizations that will have to be visited most often are the local branch of the Pension Fund of Russia and the medical and social examination institutions. In recent years, FIUs have successfully replaced MFCs (multifunctional centers), where they can also accept applications for pensions and various benefits for children with disabilities. But most of the population still applies to the Pension Fund. It should be noted right away that the FIU and the MFC may require parents or guardians to independently prepare a package of documents. And not in all regions of the country it contains a list of the same certificates, since part of the additional payments comes from local budgets. This money is added to federal amounts, as, for example, in Yaroslavl and a number of other regions, and additional securities must be submitted for their allocation. After finalizing the entire package of documents for the care of children with disabilities in these regions, an additional two thousand rubles are allocated per month for each child.
But the very first instance, where they will decide the degree of predisposition to the disability of the baby, is a medical examination. The received positive conclusion will become the basis for granting a pension to the child himself and statutory benefits for parents of children with disabilities. In 2018, the maximum amount of social assistance (excluding various surcharges) from the Pension Fund is about 20 thousand rubles per month, if a mother, father, adoptive parent or guardian takes care of an incompetent child. And about 15 thousand rubles when taking upon themselves the responsibilities of caring for disabled children by other persons. They can be immediate relatives, for example, grandparents, brothers and sisters, assistants hired by parents. The circle of official carers who are entitled to payments is quite wide. The main thing is to correctly draw up documents according to their duties.
Parent share
The process of applying for a child’s disability pension can be handled by both parents and guardians. In other cases, other persons may take upon themselves these duties upon their instructions. Benefits to parents with a disabled child are accrued from the month during which the application was submitted. The breakdown into groups one through three, as in the adult population, does not apply to babies and adolescents.
Quite often, children with disabilities can not do without assistance until the age of 18, the period until which they have the status of a disabled child. Visiting kindergartens and general schools is also contraindicated for them. If it is not possible to apply for a specialized boarding school, parents have to draw up a childcare allowance, the amount of which depends on the status of the person caring for him. If the father, mother or guardian do it themselves, the amount of monthly payments for them is 5500 rubles. Formally hired by their nannies or assistants, they can count on a material allowance of 1,200 rubles from the Pension Fund. An important condition: the caregiver should not be employed.
But working family members in which children with disabilities are brought up can rely on a number of benefits determined by the state. For example, on a tax-free salary. For parents and adoptive parents, it is charged on the remaining amount minus 12 thousand rubles. In other words, if the salary (salary plus bonus and other allowances) is 19 thousand rubles, then only seven thousand are subject to income tax. For guardians and adoptive parents, the tax-free amount is limited to six thousand. These benefits to mothers of children with disabilities at the place of work are possible up to their total annual earnings of 350,000 rubles. Above this value, in the remaining months, income tax is levied in full - 13%. This benefit is doubled for those who raise a disabled person alone.
Rights of guardians and adoptive parents
Many of the supplements and benefits that parents use are equally applied to guardians and adoptive parents. Moreover, the latter can claim a one-time benefit paid by social protection authorities at the stage of the official transfer of a disabled child to a new family. It is 124 thousand 929 rubles 83 kopecks. The remaining benefits due to children with disabilities in 2018 and those who care for them do not depend on the payment of this amount.
Thus, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation offers its concessions for working citizens in whose families incompetent children are brought up. In addition to the holidays established in accordance with the general procedure, employees can exercise their right to take four additional paid days per month, which they intend to spend at home. In accordance with the approved benefits, parents of children with disabilities, a woman who has a child with a disability in education, are given the choice: to arrange a part-time week or a shortened day to be with the family more often. The salary will be slightly less based on the actual hours worked. But this will not affect the duration of the vacation and the general working experience.
In addition, any of the parents or adoptive parents and guardians has the right to take advantage of the benefit prescribed in the Labor Code for families with children with disabilities — the right to an additional 14-day unpaid leave at a convenient time. The same law protects single mothers from working at night without their desire and unforeseen dismissal without their consent, with the exception of cases of complete liquidation of the enterprise. Adoptors, guardians and parents can go on a well-deserved rest in old age five years earlier than established in general order, if they have accumulated sufficient continuous experience to meet this benefit. For women, it is 15 years old, for men - 20.
Month after month
In addition to social pensions, benefits for children with disabilities until their 18th birthday come in the form of EDV and NSU. The monthly unified cash payment is about two and a half thousand rubles, and the natural equivalent of a set of social services is about one and a half thousand. Families have the right to independently choose in what form they will receive NSOs. This can be directly the package of services itself, which includes free provision of drugs necessary for treatment, wellness rest in medical sanatoriums and the right to travel by rail. When choosing "live" money instead of an NSO, the family loses the opportunity to qualify for a shortage package, where their child can be restored to health or undergo a rehabilitation course, but in this case she will be guaranteed to receive a monthly amount.
Parents and guardians quite often refuse a set of services, because the state can not always provide their children with necessary medicines because of a rare illness. Yes, and with spa treatment there are problems for the same reason. And if there is no way to take advantage of the package, then a free train ride to the place of failed vacation is also useless. Since the NSO includes a one-time annual travel to the sanatorium and vice versa. This exemption does not apply to ordinary wanderings around the country and beyond.
A single cash payment is not automatically attached to a social pension; the right to receive it must be registered separately. But already a set of services is a plus for her when appointing EDV. What benefits are granted to a disabled child before his 18th birthday is spelled out in Federal Law No. 181 of November 24, 1995. From time to time, these amounts are indexed, the service package is expanded, but the basic rights are fixed in the specified document. As well as the fact that the family can not replace the whole package of NSOs with a natural allowance, but only some of its components. For example, to leave the opportunity to receive free medicines, and to refuse vouchers and travel in favor of a monthly payment of monetary compensation for this benefit.
Meters and kilometers
As for travel in public urban transport, disabled children receive the right to use this service for free on an ongoing basis from the moment they are recognized as such. It is given on the basis of a social pension. From October 1 to May 15 each year they also have the opportunity to claim to pay only half the cost of a ticket for any type of transport: water, air, rail for traveling over long distances. A parent who accompanies the child receives a similar discount. This service is not taken into account when traveling to the place of treatment on a social package, which must be provided free of charge in its entirety.
In addition to all of the above, a number of other benefits for a disabled child are also provided. The housing he uses must comply with the requirements for caring for him, especially if it is necessary to use a stroller to move him around the house. In this case, the family may apply for a separate room for their legally incompetent son or daughter, or for an apartment more than 10 square meters already available. The priority right to this benefit is given to those in whom the child suffers from disorders of the central nervous system, mental disorders, and he needs to be isolated from everything that can cause uncontrolled attacks. In this case, housing is either provided in perpetual ownership, or by agreement of social tenancy. In parallel, you can draw up the right to receive land for the construction of a summer house, house, outbuildings. The administration of the municipality must provide the site on the basis of an application submitted by the family with sick children.
The same Federal Law No. 181, approved in 1995, took into account the communal benefits of a disabled child. They allow you to legally pay utility bills with a 50% discount. This also includes the use of a landline telephone, an intercom system, as well as overhaul fees and a number of other payments provided by local management companies. In each Russian region, even a separate city, this package may contain different items.
Opportunity to learn
The right to free education in our country is enshrined in the Constitution, and its provision to children with disabilities is FZ-181. The latter begins to act upon the onset of kindergarten children. Privileges for children with disabilities include the admission of such pupils out of turn to a preschool educational institution. They are also not charged for staying in a preschool educational institution. Moreover, the kindergarten administration should take all measures to provide the child with a comfortable stay in the institution and communication with other pupils. Naturally, not all sick babies can attend kindergartens, but only with a mild form of pathology.
As for school-age children, here the privileges granted to a disabled child make it possible not to attend general lessons, but to study at home. An individual program is being developed for them, the schedule of the visit of teachers teaching subjects corresponding to the schedule is being approved. Textbooks and manuals for them should also be provided by the school for free, as well as classes with teachers. After completing the entire program and presenting a certificate of general secondary education, children with disabilities are given the right to free secondary or higher education. There are a number of subtleties. Let us dwell only on the main ones.
First of all, you need to decide on a university. The right to education in it should be fixed in the conclusion of the medical commission, checking the pedagogical and psychological capabilities of the child.Documents from an applicant-beneficiary in an institution without this certificate simply will not be accepted. Next, he will need to pass entrance tests. And only then, subject to a successful result, admission to the university will follow. Parents with this disabled child can use this benefit only once. So, when choosing an educational institution, you must clearly be aware that if after a while the student loses interest in the chosen profession and wants to learn a new one, he will go to another university on a common basis and only on a fee basis.
Society Integration
As already noted, not every child with a disability can attend ordinary preschool institutions. The staff often does not have specialists who can provide special children with proper care. Therefore, in every large settlement they try to organize specialized kindergartens or boarding schools in order to, on the one hand, allow parents of children with disabilities to take advantage of all the stipulated benefits, and on the other hand, to facilitate the integration of sick children into society as much as possible.
In such institutions, in addition to developing the mental abilities of the child, a number of other services are provided that they need for their diseases. For example, medical procedures: swimming, massage, wellness exercises and much more. The same teachers and medical workers in specialized institutions will help parents with useful tips on creating a home environment that is closest to what a baby can expect outside their own apartment, but taking into account the characteristics of a sick child, so that it is easier for him to adapt to society.
Since 2016, it has been allowed to use funds from maternity capital to ensure conditions appropriate to the lives of healthy people. Parents have the right to purchase the goods necessary for these purposes for the money received for the second and subsequent children in the family, even if they are absolutely healthy, and older children need help, as compensation for the money previously spent for these purposes. Similar benefits to children with disabilities in 2018 from the funds of maternity capital are preserved. It is only necessary to correctly draw up everything in the Pension Fund and submit confirming previous spending checks. There, parents will be informed about all the intricacies of using payments for the integration of children with disabilities into society.
Life after 18 years
When children with disabilities come of age, their social status changes. Attitude in state institutions and material assistance, too. Despite physical disabilities, they have to get acquainted with the so-called general queue. This is especially noticeable during the examination in medical institutions, and sick children often have to visit them. What benefits for a disabled child with the transition to the adult category are preserved, you need to know in advance and prepare for them.
To begin with the onset of 18 years, they need to get a new status - disabled since childhood. From now on, everyone will have their own group. Everything is like the adult population of the country. The size of payments and the list of benefits will also vary depending on the group assigned to them: first, second or third. The last two involve a job, in order to be able to fully support themselves. The disabled child will now use the tax benefits in person from his own salary. The amount of social pensions, a single cash payment and a set of social services will remain for them, but will vary greatly depending on the group.
If, before coming of age, children with physical disabilities did not manage to exercise the right to free and extraordinary admission to higher educational institutions, they lose it and can be accepted only on general grounds. What benefits does a disabled child have until his majority, and which benefits remain after 18 - two completely different packages, even if nothing has changed in terms of improving health. So in adulthood they will have to re-learn.