What is the difference between a correctional school and a regular general educational institution? In order for children with serious developmental disabilities to receive knowledge, skills, special educational institutions operate in our country.
Consider the basic forms of work that the correctional school uses.
Working method
The teacher uses the story to work with special children. Thanks to the vivid, emotional presentation of certain phenomena and events, the teacher influences the feelings and emotions of the pupils.
Correctional school involves the use of several versions of the story, which depend on the specific pedagogical situation:
- description;
- statement;
- introduction.
There are certain requirements for a teacher’s speech:
- expressiveness, clarity, brightness;
- impeccability on the logical and phonetic side;
- Accuracy of accents, clarity of pronunciation of endings;
- speech slowness;
- accessibility for students.
Work with a book
The correctional school allows the rare use of the verbal method. But it is reading books in the elementary grades that is essential, since children get acquainted with the correct, expressive speech of the teacher, which is necessary for their mental development.
The teacher offers the children independent reading, then they answer his questions. It is important to approach this process selectively, because the children of the correctional school differ from their peers in their intellectual abilities.
For the most part, the explanation is limited to conversation. This method involves answers to elementary questions proposed by the teacher.
The correctional school allows the use of conversation at different stages of the lesson: in the water part, in the process of explaining new material, in summarizing. It is accompanied by a demonstration of various subjects, independent work of schoolchildren. The teacher takes the preparation for the lessons seriously and responsibly, thinks over its topic, purpose, and also the main content.
Question Requirements
A teacher working in correctional educational institutions should clearly and correctly formulate tasks, making them accessible to schoolchildren. A logical connection should be traced between the questions, they are formulated taking into account the individual capabilities of the trainees.
The conversation contributes to a more successful solution of the educational and correctional task in the educational process.
A special correctional school is closely connected with visual methods:
- excursions;
- demonstrations of various experiments and memorable experiments;
- daily observations.
Visibility is necessary for such children, since the assimilation of material with its help is carried out with direct perception by students of reality.
When selecting objects for observation, the teacher thinks about:
- the sequence of their provision to students;
- organization of the study of any object.
Demonstrations consist of visual and sensual familiarization of students with phenomena, objects, processes. This method can be considered universal, since it is necessary for the study of phenomena and their properties.
When demonstrating such objects, the teacher talks about color, shape, appearance, and components.
In addition to natural objects, there is also a symbolic, figurative visualization, graphic tools and a sketchy image.
For example, at the initial stage of education, illustrative and visual means are needed: paintings, drawings, maps, graphic images. At the senior level of training, teachers give preference to schematic and symbolic visibility.
Important points
What else is characterized by a correctional school? Mathematics in such an institution is limited to simple tasks and exercises. When organizing the independent work of schoolchildren, their own perceptual experience is used.
When choosing and applying visualization in the educational process, it is important to consider certain requirements:
- the displayed object should be visible to students from different angles;
- it is important to choose the right stage of the lesson at which it will be demonstrated to students;
- the demonstration of the visual object should be accompanied by a verbal description.
Among the visual teaching methods that are suitable for use in special schools, we can note:
- film demonstration;
- showing videos;
- viewing filmstrips;
- work at the computer.
Classification
Consider the main types of correctional schools that currently exist in our country.
There are several options for special educational institutions, each of which is designed for the upbringing and development of children with certain physical problems.
Different types of correctional schools operate on the basis of separate educational and upbringing programs developed taking into account the physiological and mental characteristics of students.
For example, there are institutions that are created for hearing impaired children. In them, the educational process is represented by three levels of general education:
- at the first stage, children are adapted, their level of preparation for training and education is revealed; teachers carry out work aimed at stimulating the desire of children to learn;
- in the middle link, activities are carried out to form the personality of the hearing impaired child, his activities, improve written and oral speech, independent work skills;
- at the second stage there is work aimed at preparing the pupils for life in society;
- the third stage involves corrective work on the formation of residual hearing, as well as activities aimed at social and labor adaptation.
School for visually impaired children
Correctional educational institutions of types III and IV were created to provide education, training, and correction of deviations in children with visual impairments. They carry out work aimed at the preservation, development, formation of compensatory and correctional skills that contribute to the social adaptation of such children in society.