🔫 👌🏿 ☸️ Introductory design: examples. Introductory sentences 🖇️ 🖊️ 👩🏻‍💻

A necessary unit of language is an introductory construct. First you need to understand what it is.

Introductory design. Introductory Unit Examples

The person creating the text may include in the sentence a word or a combination of words whose purpose is to evaluate or characterize the message.

An example proposal with an evaluative design: But then, unfortunately, irresistible shyness fell upon me.

Example sentence with characterizing design: Everyone was probably in some confusion.

In the first sentence, the content is evaluated negatively with the introduction of the word “unfortunately”. In the second sentence, the message is characterized as possible by the introductory word “likely”.

When we know what the introductory structure is, we need to learn the next point. They are highlighted with commas.

What is an introductory design

Introductory units of a language are a language, which is a word, a word form or a phrase. They are characterized by features that distinguish them from other components of the proposal.

They do not expand the content of the message.
Such words express the speaker’s attitude to the information communicated.
They are not associated with sentence members, primary and secondary, syntactic relationships.
They will not change their grammatical form when changing words in a sentence.
They can be skipped without prejudice to the meaning of the proposal.
Due to its autonomy, introductory units can be freely placed at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence.

Example:

Perhaps I will go.

I’ll probably go.

I'll go, perhaps.

Introductory units can refer to the whole sentence and to one word. In the latter case, the introductory unit is next to this word.

Example:

Feeling older or, more precisely, the main thing became his need.

Feeling older or more important, more precisely, became his need.

So, we examined introductory words and sentences with examples. The main thing that is important to understand is that they are autonomous, which is why they are highlighted with commas.

Introductory units without homonymous sentence members

Few of the introductory units function only as introductory components in sentences.

The list of introductory words and word forms that do not have homonymous sentence members:

apparently;
in fact, in fact;
perhaps;
put;
sure;
Firstly Secondly Thirdly;
hence;
that is;
a sinful thing;
uneven hour;
what good;
at least;
at least.

Such introductory constructions, as motivators to action, need to put commas. In this case, there are no other options.

Introductory units having homogeneous sentence members - predicates

Most of the introductory units are correlated with the words of other parts of speech that are members of a sentence in sentences.

Introductory sentences	Proposals with proposal members
My dog, I feel, is getting used to the state of hunting excitement.	In habitual being, I feel love again.
Everyone argued enthusiastically, but, strangely, nowhere else have I met such indifferent people as here.	Mom looked at me intently and strangely.

Words that can be both introductory units and predicates:

The words	Introductory sentences	Suggestions with members suggestions
I hope	You are hopefully ready for departure.	I hope for a successful outcome.
I repeat	All of you, I repeat, should give one example.	I’ve been repeating the same thing a hundred times.
I emphasize	We emphasize that there are no losers in our family.	I always emphasize spelling in sentences.
I remember	You, I remember, said something completely different.	I remember that evening in great detail.
I confess	Yesterday, I confess, I already thought about abandoning the case.	I confess everything so that an innocent person does not suffer.
I feel	I feel that I just can’t stand it.	I feel everything, but I don’t show it.
is happening	It happens with us, and hornless butts.	Nothing of the kind happens to us.
told	Here, they said, there were terrible battles.	They told me about it yesterday.
believe me	Believe me, teachers do not wish you anything bad.	Believe me.
understand	Everyone here, understand, gathered because of you.	Just get it right.
agree	All of us, you see, was rightly conceived.	You will definitely agree with him when you hear.

The introductory structure, examples of which we have examined in the table, differs from the predicate in that it is not connected with the subject.

Introductory constructions having homogeneous sentence members - additions

A significant group of introductory constructions are case forms of nouns with prepositions:

Fortunately;
to joy;
Unfortunately;
to chagrin;
to the surprise;
to regret;

to despair;
to chagrin;
to shame;
for example;
by the way;
according to legend;
according to rumors
by conscience;
to tell the truth;
to pleasure.

What is an introductory construction, and what is an addition with a preposition, can only be determined by comparing sentences. To the supplement, it will be possible to raise the question of indirect case, but it is impossible to pose such an issue to the introductory units. The introductory design can be skipped, and the addition is impossible.

Introductory sentences (example sentences)	Offers with additions (examples of offers)
Fortunately, no injured. There are no injuries.	Fortunately (why?) Mixed with a sense of satisfaction.
They are rumored to have just completed construction. They just finished building.	Everyone knew about him only (why?) By rumors.

Introductory constructions with the union of "how"

Introductory units can begin with the word “how,” and you need to be able to distinguish them from comparative turns and complex sentences with the union “how.” Comparative turns “as + noun” can be transformed into a noun in an instrumental case. In any comparative turn, the union “how” can be replaced by the words: “as if,” “as if,” as if. ” In SPP sentences, there is usually an indicative word “so” in the main sentence, which will not allow the union “how” to be omitted. And such an introductory construction, examples of which are given below, may be devoid of the word “how” and the meaning of the sentence will not be affected.

as seen;
as known;
as usual;
as it should be;
as they write;
as the saying goes;
as told;
as it seemed;
how often this happens;
as you understand;
as scheduled;
as expected;
as science says;
as practice has shown;
as indicated from above.

Introductory sentences (examples)	Sentences with comparative turnovers and NGN (examples)
In this place, as old-timers told, once there was a church. In this place, old-timers told, once there was a church.	They told me exactly what old-timers told me.
All gathered, as expected, did not utter a word. All gathered, as expected, did not utter a word.	Napoleon’s army behaved as expected.

Comparative offers:

The eyes in a mouse are like beads. - Eyes in the mouse with beads.
The horse soared, as if bitten. - The horse soared, as if bitten.

Introductory constructions with confidence value

The speaker can express his conviction in the sentence that he is speaking, or, conversely, express doubt about the truth of the facts stated.

Introductory words and constructions. Examples with confidence value
conviction	doubt of truth
sure; undeniably; unconditionally; undeniably; undoubtedly; without any doubts; of course; needless to say; naturally; true; sure; Indeed; clear business; what to say.	apparently; apparently; it is seen; to see; in all probability; probably; perhaps; obviously; it seems; right; probably; can; may be; should be.

It is necessary to distinguish in which sentence the introductory structure, examples and other examples of which were considered in sufficient quantities above, and in which the terms of the sentence are homogeneous to the opening units. Here are some examples of the latter:

A textbook, notebook, pen - all this should be in your bag.
There may be a traffic police post on this section of the road.
It was so obvious that no one objected.
Dad can go to a meeting instead of mom.
He said all this surprisingly naturally.
The lake was visible from the window of my room.

Introductory constructions with the meaning of emotional assessment of what was said

A speaker who expresses a positive or negative attitude about his message uses an introductory construct, examples of which are:

to chagrin;
to regret;
to trouble;
as if in trouble;
worse than that;
what a shame;
strange affair;
amazing thing;
which is amazing;
what good;
God forbid;
Alas.

Introductory sentences	Proposals with proposal members
All of them, amazing thing, were able to get out of the trap.	It was an amazing affair.
Our class, amazingly, did the test without two.	His efforts went unnoticed, which was strikingly inconsistent with our ideas about justice.

Introductory constructions - calls to the interlocutor

In order to draw attention to the reported facts, the speaker uses introductory constructions:

Listen;
agree;
believe me;
understand;
mind you;
note;
judge for yourself;
imagine;
imagine this;
can you imagine;
what can I say;
excuse me;
sorry;
think for yourself;
as you understand;
you know;
you see;
do you hear;
from the pleasure;
do you believe.

Introductory sentences	Proposals with proposal members
Nearby people, you know, experience the pleasure of knowing that they are unhappy.	You yourself know that they are unhappy.
The daughter-in-law, you hear, has already risen, we will rise too.	Do you hear that daughter-in-law is already up?

Introductory constructions - a way of designing thoughts

The speaker, making out his thoughts, uses introductory constructions:

in a word;
at all;
in other words;
shortly speaking;
roughly speaking;
frankly speaking;
can say;
say unvarnished;
easier to say;
to put it mildly;
more truly;
to be precise;
as the saying goes;
we will say that;
in other words;
if I may say so.

Introductory sentences	Proposals with proposal members
Frankly speaking, it was all strange for me to hear.	We will tell you everything frankly.
You did not complete the task, we will say so.	If we say so, we will not be allowed into a decent society.

Introductory constructions - source of expression

The author in his speech can refer to a third-party source of information using introductory constructions:

according to information;
by order;
as everyone says;
according to rumors
by my calculations;
told;
according to eyewitnesses;
to my mind;
in your opinion;
studies have shown;
as the results of a study;
as weather forecasters transmit.

Introductory sentences	Proposals with proposal members
The cleanest water, studies have shown, in Lake Baikal.	Everything is exactly as studies have shown.
In the western part of Siberia, as weather forecasters say, hot weather will be established.	And if it rains, as weather forecasters say?

Introductory constructions indicating a sequence of reasoning

The author of the text can logically build his message using introductory constructions:

vice versa;
opposite;
but;
one side;
on the other hand;
hence;
means;
so;
in this way;
Firstly;
Secondly;
third;
finally;
eventually;
Further;
mainly;
primarily;
especially;
by the way;
by the way;
Besides;
eg;
in particular.

Introductory sentences	Proposals with proposal members
Everyone, however, was silent.	No one agreed, but did not argue.
Incidentally, I am trying to do something.	The note was found among other things trash.

Introductory constructions are sometimes used as a means of creating a comic. For example, if you use an outdated form of an introductory combination of words: In between, I graduated from three classes of a gymnasium.

Introductory speech units and plugin designs

Constructs called plug-ins differ from introductory syntactic units in content, purpose, and highlight characters. Plug-in designs usually contain various additional information on the main content. They serve to clarify a variety of circumstances related to a fragment of speech, but they are not basic in purpose. Most often, plug-in constructions are highlighted in brackets, sometimes dashes, if not common, with commas.

Compare intro and plug-in designs, examples of which are given below.

Introductory sentences	Offers with plug-in designs
We then lived close, according to my mother, from the city.	We then lived near (only a few tens of kilometers) from the city.
The soldiers walked a rare, in my opinion, chain.	The soldiers walked a rare (about two by four meters) chain.

Introductory syntactic units are not the result of the author’s creativity, they exist in the finished language. Plug-in designs are usually unique.

Introductory design: examples. Introductory sentences