The greatest difficulties in studying the morphology course in students are caused by the endings of the verbs 1 and 2 of the conjugation. They are often confused with each other, they forget a rather big list of exceptions. How to quickly and accurately study this topic? Let's try to figure it out further.
Verb as part of speech
Before you start studying the end of conjugations of verbs, you need to understand some of the subtleties.
What makes our speech “move”, revive inanimate objects, and be dynamic? Of course, this is a verb.
Without it, our language is simply impossible to imagine. It would be difficult for us if this part of speech suddenly disappeared. Even when describing a static subject, we still use it. In fiction, verbs are used as an effective means of artistic imagery and expressiveness.
For example, an avatar animating objects is never complete without a verb. Compare: The clock hand moves in a circle. The clock is running. In which case does our imagination begin to play? Undoubtedly, in the second. The language becomes more “alive”, vivid. Of course, the watch does not have legs, but, nevertheless, it is precisely on the similarity of movement that the personification is built. Examples include: the river rushes, the wind howls, the storm rages .
It is thanks to the verbs that such a figurative, expressive sensation is created.
Conjugation is ...
Getting to the study of the ending of verbs 1 and 2 of the conjugation, we need to find out what this term means.
Almost every part of speech in its own way knows how to change. Nouns, for example, - by cases and numbers. Adjectives, in addition, also vary by gender. What about the verb? It can be changed by faces, as well as numbers. This is what is called conjugation. Each of them has its own set of personal endings. They are often confused with each other. And we will find out how to qualitatively remember these nuances and no longer make written and oral errors.
It is worth recalling another important rule to which conjugation of verbs applies. 1, 2, 3 - there is only declination! And the verb has only two conjugations. We’ll talk about them in more detail.
1 conjugation
The largest number of questions in the course of studying parts of speech cause the end of conjugations of verbs. They should be determined by the infinitive. The first is usually attributed to those that in their initial form end in -ot (flog), -at (break), -et (hurt), -at (walk) and others .
But, as in any rule, there are exception verbs 1 2 conjugations.
So, the first also includes two more words ending in - to : shave and lay . This is due to historical changes in these forms.
How will we determine conjugation? Very simple: put the word in the initial form. She answers the question "what to do?"
For example: Students do homework. The verb do is reducible to the initial form - do. We look at what it ends with. In this case, it is . Accordingly, we will attribute such a word to the first conjugation.
2 conjugation
The endings of verbs 1 and 2 of the conjugation are very similar to each other. But if you know how to distinguish them correctly, there will be no difficulties.
To the second conjugation, it is customary to attribute those that end in –it: speak, build, come. As mentioned above, this list does not include the words shave, as well as lay .
In this case, there are much more exceptions than in the first conjugation. To the second, we take as many as eleven exception words.
These are the seven verbs to eat: offend (kitten), twirl (ball), depend (on circumstances), see (beauty), hate (arrogance), watch (film), endure (bullying). We also take here four words to say: drive (to the neck), hold (in the hands), breathe (quickly), hear (song) .
Determining the endings of verbs 1 and 2 of the conjugation, it is necessary to know the list of exceptions in advance.
Finding out which word the word refers to is not difficult.
Example: An infant is very dependent on the mother.
We put the verb in the initial form - depend . It would seem that everything is simple, it ends in -et , and therefore should be 1 sp. But, remembering the exceptions, we will change our point of view: he, just the same, is on this list and refers to 2 spr.
Another example: Workers are building a new house.
In the initial form, the verb build ends in –it . He is no exception, and therefore we will boldly attribute it to the second conjugation. Therefore, be careful when starting the task.
It will help to remember better 1, 2 conjugation of verbs table.
With its help, information becomes more structured and better remembered.
Change by persons
Now we know what conjugation of verbs is. The personal endings of verbs are the next step that needs to be studied.
As we have already noted, this part of speech has the ability to vary in faces.
Recall that in order to determine whether a verb belongs to the 1st, 2nd or 3rd person, it is necessary to substitute the corresponding pronouns to it.
To the first person, the word I (singular) or we (plural): I ask, we write.
To the second you need to substitute you (singular) or you (plural): say, look.
By the third, he (she or she) or they (plural): shines, thinks.
Those endings that result from such a change in words are called personal.
Conjugation of verbs for stressed ending
Not in all cases we will doubt how to write the word given to us correctly. If in the verb the stress falls on the ending, we, without hesitation, will use it correctly.
For example: they say, fly, come.
In this situation, the endings are in a strong position, which does not cause any difficulties.
Be careful if the word is in the infinitive. Sometimes stress can only be misleading. For example, the verb "live." It ends in –it , which is a shock. But at the same time, in personal form, in many numbers, the word has an ending -out (live). And this means that it must be attributed to the first conjugation. Therefore, make sure that the emphasis falls on the ending only when the word is only in personal form.
Difficult cases
And what to do when the ending is unstressed? In this case, there is a special set of personal endings, by which we learn about conjugation.
The first conjugation in a single number always has the letter “e”: you try, disappear, you talk. In the plural, the endings are always either -out or -yut : they fight, show up.
They are difficult to determine in an unstressed position, but in this case the infinitive will come to the rescue.
The personal endings of the verbs 2 conjugations are different: in the only one we write the letter “and”: it depends, it drives . In the plural, it is necessary to use the endings -at or -yat : build, hold.
Remember that in an unstressed position, the ending is more vulnerable and causes difficulties in writing. For this reason, it is necessary to put the word in the initial form and determine from it, to 1 or 2 spr. it applies.
Output
We managed to cope with the difficult task and point out the intricacies of determining the endings of verbs. Take your time when a word causes you difficulty. Remember that in infinitive 1, the argument has the ending -ot, -et, -yat , etc., and in the second only -it . Add a rather large list of exceptions to this rule. In order to remember all these words, there are many poems consisting only of them.
Just learn personal endings, it’s not difficult at all. Then you will not experience problems in their spelling. In case of difficulty, you can always turn to our article to refresh your knowledge on this issue.