Man created an artificial ecosystem - a field. It differs from natural ecosystems in a small number of plant species. If wheat grows on the field, then several species of weeds will be found there. In the ecosystem, the inhabitants receive everything that they need from each other. If we are talking about a field in which plants grow in one form? What to do in this case? Who will help the field?
General view
Let's imagine a rye field. With the onset of autumn, it will ripen. Will the destroyers cope with the straw on the field? If you do not remove it, then it will interfere with the growth of new sprouts.
When there are no birds, no one can adequately protect the vegetation from diseases and pests. Who will help in this case? It is believed that this will be a man. If the ecosystem of the fields created by man will not be well-groomed, then over time it will turn from an artificial ecosystem into a natural one.
How do people care for the field?
Growing cultivated plants over a large area of cultivated soil, a person cares for them and the earth. The main field plants are:
- wheat;
- potatoes;
- rye;
- buckwheat;
- corn;
- beet;
- sunflower.
They are consumed by both humans and pets. However, in addition to cultivated plants, the field ecosystem exhibits various weeds. To facilitate the fight against weeds, unsolicited insects and rodents, people invented pesticides. But at the same time, one problem arises - these poisons not only kill pests, but also cause other damage.
In order for the artificial ecosystem of the fields not to become natural, a person fertilizes and plows the earth, weeds it from weeds.
All cultivated plants are divided into species. The most important are cereals. The artificial ecosystem of the fields created for their cultivation is the most important in human life.
Description of crops
- Wheat - used for baking white (wheat) bread.
- Rye - used to make rye (black) bread. Such bread is used for making kvass. It has all the substances necessary for human life.
- Oats - in many countries is the main cereal for the preparation of traditional morning oatmeal. It is a healthy and wholesome food. Jelly is made from oats. He is real. It was from such a kissel that the common name of all other kissels came from.
- Barley is barley and pearl barley, and bread is also baked from it in some mountainous regions. This type of cereal is used to make a drink such as kvass and beer.
- Corn is very popular in America. There it was grown for more than 7 thousand years. This was the main food of the inhabitants of ancient America. Corn was considered a sacred plant.
- Millet is his homeland of China. This cereal has been growing for about 5 thousand years. And in Russia - for more than a thousand years. Millet is used to make millet groats, and pancakes and cakes are baked from its flour.
- Rice is the second bread for man. This is the main food in the East. And from rice straws they produce hats, mats, and top-quality paper. This type of cereal is grown in water.
- Sugarcane is the sweetest cereal. Alexander the Great also wrote about him, as a plant that produces honey without bees. Two-thirds of all sugar in the world is produced from cane. This powerful plant reaches 6 meters in height. Its stem is chopped off with one blow with a heavy cleaver, so that sweet juice does not flow out. Ground stems are used as fuel in sugar factories. They also make paper.
When it comes to a lesson on the topic "Field Ecosystem" (Grade 3), the teacher forms a specific lesson goal, in accordance with the age of the children. In this case, the following points should be considered:
- General idea of the field as an ecological system.
- The value of the cycle of substances in nature.
- Examples of organisms of different professions.
A topic such as Field Ecosystem (Grade 3) is usually well absorbed by children. It is interesting for students. And cultivated plants, considered in the context of the topic, as a rule, are quite familiar to students.
What animals detect ecological systems called artificial?
Animals and birds settle in the fields. They feed on seeds, greens from cultivated plants, weeds and small insects. Some animals and birds are friends for man, others are enemies.
Consider the gopher. He lives in the field. Its body length is about 40 cm.
It is a pest that damages crops. Gopher eats and stores a lot of grain. In addition to it, ecological systems created by humans detect a hamster, a field mouse, and a mole.
A hamster is a rodent pest with a body length of 5 cm to 36 cm. It has a short tail. The field mouse also does damage. Her food is grain.
The mole has a nest underground, which it is lined with soft leaves and straw. Its main food is insects, worms and slugs. The mole is an extremely gluttonous animal. He has poor eyesight, but excellent hearing and sense of smell. He does not fall into hibernation. The mole is useful because it exterminates the larvae of harmful bugs. But it is also a harmful animal due to the fact that it eats a huge amount of useful earthworms and spoils the roots of plants.
Birds help humans by protecting fields from pests.
They do not live on them, but settle close to them. In the spring, at the beginning of summer, in the fields you can see a lark, a field horse, partridge, quail and a field moon. And when the crop ripens and is harvested, the fields become a place of food for many forest, meadow and marsh birds. In winter, birds eat weeds on the field that stick out from under the snow. Owls and owls year-round hunt for harmful rodents.
What types of ecological systems exist?
First of all, it is worth noting that they are natural and artificial. Natural, in turn, are divided into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
The first include rivers, lakes, swamps, ponds, seas and oceans. To terrestrial - tundra, taiga, forest, forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert, desert, mountains ... Each terrestrial ecosystem includes abiotic and biotic components. In the first case, this is a site with the same landscape, climate, soil. In the second, it is the totality of all living organisms that inhabit a particular biotope.
Each ecosystem includes groups of organisms of a different kind. They are distinguished by the method of nutrition. All organisms closely interact with each other. We can say that the ecosystem is a combination of living and non-living components, within which a complete cycle is carried out, from the creation of organic matter to its decomposition into inorganic components. The ecosystem is able to maintain its stability for a certain time due to the specific structure of biotic and abiotic components.