The concept of "fire declaration" appeared relatively recently. This definition was introduced by the Federal Law No. 123 (from 2008). Further we will analyze what this document is, what requirements the EMERCOM of Russia and the law impose on it.
General information
In world practice, safety declarations have been used for a long time. The essence of the event is that if the relevant documentation is submitted in a notification manner, the owner avoids coordination with the authorities authorized to establish certain requirements. In this case, the owner of the real estate determines what standards should be taken into account at his property, which instruction on safety measures should be prepared.
Content: general information
The fire declaration includes a number of regulatory documents, the provisions of which are binding on the owner of the facility and the persons operating it. All the necessary information for compilation can be found in the codes of rules. They are adopted instead of numerous acts that existed earlier and contradict each other in a number of issues.
Technical regulations
Federal Law No. 123 defines a fire declaration as a form of conformity assessment, which contains information on safety measures aimed at ensuring fire protection. According to Art. 64 of this law, the following measures are prescribed:
- Risk assessment of the facility.
- Analysis of alleged damage to third parties in case of fire. Such an assessment may be expressed as liability insurance for probable harm.
A risk analysis is recorded in the opinion of the expert body. The alleged damage should be assessed by the owners themselves or the insurance company. All these data are included in the corresponding form approved by the Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
The objects
They are also determined in accordance with the Technical Regulations. According to part 1 of this article of the Federal Law No. 123, a fire declaration is drawn up regarding facilities for which the legislation on urban development provides for state examination of design documentation and for structures with class F 1.1. Structures with class F 1.1 are given in subparagraph "a". Consider who the fire declaration relates to:
- Educational institutions.
- Hospitals.
- Specialized homes for the disabled and elderly.
- Dormitory buildings of educational institutions of boarding, school and preschool type.
Exceptions
It was said above that the fire declaration is necessary for structures that have class F 1.1 and are subject to state examination. In the latter case, it is easier to list objects that are considered exceptions. So, state examination is not carried out for:
- Separate residential buildings, the number of storeys of which is no more than 3 floors, intended for one family (IZHS objects).
- Apartment buildings with no more than three floors. They can consist of one or several sections, the number of which is not more than four. Each block may have several apartments and common areas. Separate entrance and exit to the common territory.
- Residential buildings, the number of floors in which is not more than three, including no more than ten blocks. In each of them no more than one family is allowed. Blocks should have common walls, without openings with neighboring ones. Moreover, they are located on a separate site and have access to a common territory.
- Separate construction projects, the number of floors in which is no more than two, and the total area is less than 1500 sq. m. They are not intended for people to live and perform production activities. The exception is objects that are recognized as particularly dangerous, unique or technically complex.
- Separate construction projects, in which no more than 2 floors and an area of less than 1,500 square meters. m., intended for production and not requiring sanitary protection equipment. Such facilities may be located in areas within which sanitary zones are established or must be equipped. An exception is considered to be objects recognized as unique, technically complex or harmful.
For these structures, the development of a fire safety declaration is not carried out. Depending on the characteristics of the facility, the direction of the enterprise, a particular methodology for calculating risks is used. Given the above information, it is possible to summarize the categories of structures for which a fire declaration is required:
- DOW, hotels, camps, dormitories, residential buildings and other public facilities.
- Production facilities for industrial and agricultural purposes.
Primary requirements
Normative acts set a specific standard for filling out documentation (a sample is presented in the article). The fire declaration can be made both on the object as a whole, and on its individual elements. Filling out the documentation and submitting it to the authorized body can be carried out both by the owner himself and by a person who has the right to households. ownership, lifetime inheritance or operational management of the object. When changing the requirements for safety requirements or the data contained in the declaration, the documentation is processed or created again. Clarification is carried out by making the necessary adjustments. Changes should be registered in the prescribed manner. In the case when the object is at the design stage, the documentation is compiled by the designer or builder. The fire declaration form is defined by law. Changing it at your own discretion is prohibited. In the order in accordance with which the registration of the fire declaration is carried out, the documentation is submitted in two copies signed by the owner of the facility.
Information for compilation
The declaration should indicate:
- Details of the enterprise (organization). The documentation must contain the name, address and form of ownership.
- Documents on deviation from accepted fire regulations.
- Data on the purpose of the object and its elements.
- Information about the number of employees.
- Data on the maximum volume and type of substances stored at the facility and used in the course of activities.
- Characterization of production, technological process, assessment of their fire safety.
- Information about the land on which the object is located.
- The BTI plan for each structure for which a declaration is made.
- Information about the climatic features of the area.
- The main architectural, structural and space-planning characteristics.
- Information about engineering equipment (location of power supply, ventilation system, water supply and so on).
- Data on the availability of automatic fire protection at the facility, contracts for its maintenance.
- Information about primary extinguishing agents.
- Data on the presence of fire departments on the territory of the facility.
- Information about the passage of training by employees.
- Information about the presence in the territory or near the object of water bodies, reservoirs of water.
- Local safety acts (instructions, orders).
Validity of the fire declaration
The length of the period during which the documentation is valid depends on the characteristics of the enterprise. The maximum term is set to 5 years. Documentation can be compiled for a limited batch of products (for a manufacturing enterprise). In this case, the validity period is not indicated, and the declaration is one-time. When using the scheme 1d or 2d, the duration of the period does not exceed one year, and when applying 3d - three years. If the manufacturing company plans to produce products of only one type, it is recommended to draw up documentation for a maximum period. It is also advisable for non-production organizations operating permanently in any one direction.