The most commonly performed study today is a clinical urine test, which is also called general. Currently, regardless of the intended diagnosis, doctors are encouraged to prescribe it. This analysis is included in the list of studies at any routine examination.
This is due to the simplicity and speed of its implementation on the one hand, and high information content on the other. Clinical analysis of urine allows us to judge not only the presence of pathologies in the urinary system, but also the condition of the whole organism.
Indications for the purpose of this study:
- routine inspection;
- diseases of the urinary system (pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis);
- treatment control;
- infectious diseases (flu, SARS);
- pregnancy (monthly in the first half of the term and every two weeks in the second).
To obtain reliable results, the clinical analysis must be assembled correctly. It is advisable to buy a special container for urine in the pharmacy. In a sterile jar, you need to collect its average portion. Before that, you should hold the toilet of the genitals and wipe them with a clean towel.
Urine needs to be collected in the morning after waking up. Then, within an hour, deliver the material to the laboratory. Usually the analysis is taken from 8 to 10 in the morning, the result can be taken in the evening or the next day.
In modern laboratories there is even a service for sending results by e-mail or the ability to view them on the site, knowing a special code. For a fee, a courier can come to your house and pick up the analysis.
So, a clinical urine test is normal :
- yellow color;
- glucose - no;
- transparency is complete;
- hemoglobin - no;
- specific gravity - 1010-1025;
- reaction - neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline;
- protein - no or traces;
- erythrocytes - 0-4 in the field of view;
- ketone bodies - no;
- salt is not;
- white blood cells - up to 5 in the field of view;
- mucus - no;
- epithelium - a small amount of flat, single transitional, complete absence of renal;
- cylinders - no;
- bacteria - no or a small amount.
For research, it is enough to deliver 100 ml of urine to the laboratory. For diseases of the urinary system, an analysis is mandatory. An important indicator is white blood cells. Their increased number indicates an inflammatory process in the urinary organs. Most often it is urethritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis. In an acute process, the white blood cell count may exceed 60 in the field of view.
Clinical analysis of urine allows you to judge the condition of the kidneys. So, the presence of protein is an alarming symptom that indicates inflammation in the kidneys. Proteinuria accompanies pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis.
Turbid urine may be in the presence of salts and a large number of other elements. An admixture of pus also makes the urine opaque.
Another important indicator in the diagnosis of inflammation of various parts of the urinary system is the presence of bacteria. If they are found in the general analysis, then urine culture is indicated . As a result, the type of microorganisms is determined, their number and an antibiotic is selected, to which they are sensitive. This study is very helpful in prescribing therapy and monitoring its effectiveness.
The presence of glucose in the urine may indicate diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, stress, overeating, acute pancreatitis. Also, its amount increases with impaired functioning of the kidneys and thyroid gland, with poisoning by some substances.
With an increased number of red blood cells, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, glomerulonephritis, cystitis, a tumor, or kidney infarction can be suspected. Also, blood in the urine can appear with amyloidosis, tuberculosis, injuries of the urinary tract and kidneys, prostate adenoma.
So, a clinical urine test is a very common study today. It is carried out for various diseases and preventive examinations. To get a real result, the analysis must be passed correctly. This study is simple but very informative.