Let's talk about how to draw up an abstract. This topic is relevant for schoolchildren and students, since it is they who most often have to write such works in various academic disciplines. An abstract can be considered independent creative work on a certain topic or scientific source.
Structure requirements
Arguing over how to beautifully draw up an essay, we first select those mandatory elements that should be present in it:
- Title page;
- table of contents;
- introduction;
- main part;
- conclusion;
- conclusions and recommendations;
- bibliographic list;
- applications.
Where to begin?
The design of the title page of the abstract is carried out according to certain rules. Let us dwell on them in more detail. In its upper part, the full name of the organization on the basis of which the work was carried out is indicated.
Then, the topic is written in capital letters, the section (direction) along which the material is made must be indicated.
The design of the title page of the abstract involves indicating information about the author, scientific adviser. To do this, the lower right side of the sheet is allocated.
Further in the center is indicated the year of writing the work, the city in which the author worked.
If earlier abstracting work was performed only by students of secondary and higher educational institutions, then after a significant modernization of the system of domestic education, ordinary schoolchildren are engaged in such work.
The first impression that will remain on the essay from the examiner directly depends on the correctness and quality of the design of the title page.
The first page can be called the “face” of the work, clear evidence of how responsible the person reacted to the assignment given to him.
An experienced mentor is enough to look at the first page of the essay to assess the quality and correctness of writing the work.
Arguing on how to draw up a lecture, we note that it is in the course of such activities that the younger generation forms conscientiousness, punctuality, responsibility, determination. These qualities will help the child become successful, enter a prestigious educational institution, and adapt in society.
How to draw up an abstract for a student? There are no differences between the design of work for students of lyceums, gymnasiums, technical schools, academies, universities.
Guiding Documents
In order to understand how to draw up an abstract in school, university, we turn to GOST 7.32-2001. This is a document devoted to the rules for the design of research work. Before you start a report on the experiments, you need to carefully read this document. He will not only answer the question of how to draw up an abstract, but will also help to avoid a significant number of errors.
In order to be able to sew the completed work, it is necessary to provide indentation. According to the rules they should be:
- on the right - 10 mm;
- top and bottom - 20 mm each;
- left - 30 mm.
These requirements relate to the classical abstract, may vary depending on additional rules developed in a particular educational institution.
When designing the work, the font is Times New Roman. If the main text is drawn in 12 or 14 pins, then for the title page it is allowed to use other sizes, underline, italics are allowed.
Compound components
Conditionally, the title page can be divided into several parts. In addition to information about the educational institution, the author, the discipline in which the abstract is carried out must be indicated. All information about the topic, the scientific field, should fit in five lines. Quotation marks are not allowed on the title page.
Information about the author is indicated after two spaces. Even taking into account the fact that some educational institutions are trying to introduce their own requirements for the design of the title page of an abstract, information about the classic version will not be superfluous to schoolchildren or students.
Bibliographic list
Let's try to figure out how to draw up a list of references in the abstract. It is placed after the main part, conclusions, conclusions. If the list of sources used by the author when writing the abstract is designed according to the rules, this significantly increases the value of the material presented, increases the chances of getting a good grade.
How to draw up a list of references in the abstract? This question worries schoolchildren, students embarking on the presentation of the results of their research activities.
We outline the main aspects related to the compilation of a bibliographic list:
- modernity of sources;
- their relevance to the subject of work.
All sources indicated in the bibliographic list should be mentioned in the main text of the work. The number under which the book is in the list of references is indicated in the text in square brackets.
When writing a diploma, term paper, essay, it is recommended that a minimum of use of reading books, textbooks, manuals, making the main emphasis on scientific publications, articles. It is necessary to make references to statistics, authoritative monographs.
If there are normative acts or laws in the bibliographic list, they must be mentioned in the text.
Based on a preliminary analysis of literary sources, the selection of tasks that will become the basis of work is carried out. Their consideration is supposed in the main part of the abstract work. Schools, technical schools, higher educational institutions require from their pupils the correct indication of the literary sources used in writing a scientific work or review essay.
GOST 7.1-2003 contains all the rules according to which a list of references is compiled. First they write down normative acts, decrees, laws. Then indicate the rest of the print media, which are arranged in a certain order.
Literature is indicated alphabetically; the list is numbered in Arabic numerals. Then a period is put, a space is entered, then the author’s surname and his initials are written down. Then they write the name of the book, the publisher, the year of issue, the number of pages.
Conclusion
To get a good mark for the work done, it is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements for the abstract. The title page and list of references are those sections that are among the most important in the study.