A ball is a spherical object that can roll, jump, bounce off the surface of the earth. People use it for a variety of games. Scientists did not determine exactly where such an object first appeared, but balls made from a variety of materials were found during excavations in all countries of the world. People loved to play with a ball made of animal skin, tied or twisted from a bunch of leaves. There were fabric and wood varieties woven from reeds or palm branches.
With different types of balls played differently. Some were intended to hit the target or goal, others threw each other, pushed them with sticks, tried so that the opponent could not catch this spherical object.
Nowadays, there are cheap children's balls for games in the yard and inflatable ones for water entertainments. There are types of balls for sports team games. They have a strict classification and are manufactured in enterprises that use the latest technology in the production of attributes for games.
In the article, we consider sports types of balls with photos, what they are made of, what shape they have, how to play with them. There are professional and expensive balls, but you can buy good, but not so expensive counterparts for a novice athlete. For each sport, unique game items are produced.
So, the basketball ball is significantly different in appearance, in size, and in internal structure from football or handball. Consider several types of balls in more detail.
Soccer ball
The game of football is that the players of one team must pass the ball through the entire field and score it into the opponent’s goal. In ancient times, the bladder of animals was used for this game, but it quickly burst from strong blows. Leather-stitched options were used for quite some time, however, they absorbed moisture well and became heavy during the game. Now all types of soccer balls are made from synthetics, namely, from polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride.
The sizes of balls for playing football are distinguished by numbers from 1 to 5. The ball at number 1 is too small, and sew it for advertising campaigns. 2 and 3 - sizes that are used for training children's football teams. They have a circumference of 56 cm and 61 cm, respectively. Ball number 4 participates in futsal team tournaments. Its size should be no more than 64 cm and weigh in dry condition up to 440 grams.
The standard ball for playing soccer by professional players is ball number 5. The size of such an object is the most demanded in the world, the circumference is 68-70 cm, and the weight is 450 grams.
Consists of a soccer ball from three different layers. External - a synthetic tire made of the above materials. The next layer is a soft pad, consisting of several layers of cotton or polyester. The inner shell is a latex chamber. The quality of the ball affects the best rebound and maintaining the shape of the subject.
Basketball ball
A basketball is the largest in size of all kinds of balls. This is an air-infused specimen, the weight of which depends on the size and purpose. The surface of the ball is not smooth, but has small pimples to hold it in your hand. Their number can reach 35 thousand.
There are balls that are used only in halls, but there are universal ones. They can be played both on courtyards and in basketball halls with wooden floors. The color adopted is standard, namely orange with black stripes.
The ball number depends on its size and weight. In the classification of types of basketballs, 4 positions are distinguished:
- No. 7 - a ball for the game of male professional teams (size - 749-780 mm, and weight - from 567 to 650 grams).
- No. 6 - used for women's competitions (size - 724-737 mm, and the ball weighs from 510 to 567 grams).
- No. 5 - such balls are acquired by parents for children involved in basketball sections. Their size is from 610 to 710 mm. Such products weigh only 470-500 grams.
- No. 3 - the smallest instances that are used only for dribbling. Size - 560-580 mm, and it weighs only 300 grams.
Volleyball ball
Volleyball is made of artificial or genuine leather. It consists of a cut of six panels stitched together, which are stretched to the frame base. The color scheme can be any, both multi-colored, and monochrome. Each section has three strips. The circumference of the product is 650-670 mm. Since they play with hands, the weight of the product is small - from 260 to 280 grams.
The following types of volleyballs are distinguished:
- For playing in the hall. The ball's internal air pressure is about 300 hPa.
- Products for beach volleyball. The size is slightly larger than the analogue for the hall. It differs by the pressure inside the subject. The beach option is not so inflated, the pressure is less, because he will have to bounce off the sand.
Baseball ball
In our country, the game of baseball is not as popular as in the United States, however, many people have seen how the ball looks for this game in films and sports programs. They make it from a cork or rubber center, which is first wrapped around the entire circumference with yarn, the threads of which can be a kilometer long, and then covered with leather. The size of the ball is small - only 23 cm in circumference.
The behavior of the ball on the playing field also depends on the quality of the filler. Recently, they have been using synthetics in the production of internal filler, but such balls do not bounce off the bat badly, so they are not accepted in the Main League. The larger the winding, the better the rebound of the product. It is easier for the pitcher to serve if the ball has high seams on the leather surface.
How to play tennis
Tennis is played with large rackets, throwing a small bright ball through the net. Usually it has a yellowish-green hue, but there are also white ones. The goal of the game is to prevent the opponent from breaking the ball.
The manufacture of a tennis ball has its own unique features - when vulcanizing a rubber product, inert gas must be pumped inside. This is done as follows: a tablet is placed in the workpiece before the process, which, with increasing temperature, releases gas, which creates the necessary pressure in the rubber ball, approximately equal to 2 atmospheres. The tablet consists of inorganic salts.
The tennis ball is covered with a fleecy material - felt or felt. It is this coating that protects the ball from blows, because sometimes the speed of an object after touching a racket reaches 200 km per hour. The size ranges from 6.5 to 6.8 cm in diameter, and the weight does not reach 59 grams.
Water Polo Ball Features
Since this type of sports balls is used in the aquatic environment, the product is made on a frame made of rubberized material. The outer cover is completely similar to a soccer ball (weight and size).
Water polo balls are additionally covered with a water-resistant layer, but it should not contain fat. The ball is inflated with air, and the hole is closed with a nipple. Balls vary in weight and size. Large copies are available for men's teams. Their circumference is from 680 to 710 mm, and the weight of the product is up to 450 grams.
For games of women's teams, balls are produced in a smaller size - barely reaches 670 mm; such a ball weighs 400 grams. Internal pressure is also less.
Lightweight ball for table tennis
Everyone knows that this is the lightest and smallest ball that exists in sports games. They make it from a tiny celluloid. Most often, balls are produced in white, but there are both yellow and orange specimens. It is created at the enterprise from two halves, which are glued together with an overlap.
The diameter of the product ranges from 3.6 to 3.8 cm. It weighs a little more than 2 grams (up to 2.5 g). You need to choose products slightly rough, there should be no scratches.
Conclusion
There are many more sports games and sports where balls are used. This is rugby and handball, field hockey with ball and golf, cricket and badminton. The information presented in the article gives a brief description with photos. Now the reader has an idea of the types, quality and existing sizes of different balls.