The human brain along with the spinal cord makes up its central nervous system. In a newborn, its weight does not exceed 330 or 340 grams. In the embryo stage and in the first few years of childhood, the human brain is developing intensively. By the age of 20, its growth is completing. In an adult male, the brain mass is 1375 g, and in a woman - 1275 g. The lower weight of the organ in the weaker sex is due to their overall smaller size. And by age, not only the mass of all organs decreases, the brain loses weight.
Its anatomy, as well as its functioning, is studied by neurology - a discipline about the peripheral nervous system and the central one.
The cranial cavity occupies the human brain . It consists of the cerebral hemispheres and the trunk.
Five sections are distinguished in the brain: these are the final brain, the middle, the back, the intermediate and the oblong. The spinal cord is directly related to the latter. A continuation of its cervical region is the medulla oblongata. Its shape resembles an elongated bulb. And the upper part of the medulla oblongata passes into the posterior, to which the cerebellum and the bridge belong. Its gray matter forms separate islets - the nuclei of the cranial nerves - and not solid columns, as in the spinal cord. It also has a mesh formation due to the processes connecting the nerve cells. The bridge is like a roller made up of nerve fibers. Its back is covered with gray matter in the form of cranial nerve nuclei. By the end, it narrows and ends in the middle of the cerebellum, which, being behind the bridge and the medulla oblongata, closes them almost completely. From above it is covered with gray matter and is divided into grooves by furrows.
The midbrain through the isthmus is connected to the back. It includes legs and quadruple. This name was given to the roof plate for the division into two mounds of the upper, associated with vision, and two lower, associated with hearing. A transverse section of the midbrain represents the base of the legs of the brain, the tire and the roof. Between the legs and the roof runs the water supply to the brain. A tire contains a reticular formation and two large red nuclei.
Under the corpus callosum is the diencephalon, which fuses with the cerebral hemispheres on the sides. It has four tubercles: the visual, the foreign region, the tubercle and the tubercle. The cavity of the diencephalon is the third ventricle.
The human cerebral cortex looks like a gray matter covering the hemispheres and having a thickness of up to 5 mm. Its nerve fibers and cells (neurons) form, which lie in layers in a certain order. The bark is heterogeneous. Each of its sections differs in the structure of fibers and cells. This is due to the functions that it performs. After all, each part of the brain receives separately impulses coming from the surface of the whole body, from tissues and organs. For example, the auditory signal paths end in the temporal lobe, the visual ones in the occipital lobe, etc. The cortical departments, in turn, send impulses to its other parts, to the brain stem.
In addition, the human brain, like the spinal cord, is covered with three membranes: vascular (soft), arachnoid and hard. The periosteum of the bones of the skull - this is the hard shell. A thin, vascular arachnoid membrane passes along the surface of the brain. And the brain, on the contrary, contains very soft vessels, which allows it to fill all the grooves and gaps of the brain. Without it, the formation of the vascular plexuses of the ventricles is impossible.
Since the spinal cord and brain are interconnected, damage to one of them will certainly lead to impaired reflexes, for which the other is responsible. Damage to the brain and even its increased fatigue, exhaustion of functions can lead to serious diseases of the central nervous system of a person.