In modern society, objects and means of labor are an important component of production. And without it, as you know, it would be impossible to create any products that people use or consume daily.
Concepts and Definitions
A means of labor is a thing that exists between a person and a work item, which is necessary for the manufacture of the final product and for obtaining material benefits. Simply put, such tools allow you to interact with various objects (raw materials) for their transformation (processing) into a finished product. That is, the means of labor is that by which a person addresses the subject.
In a generalized sense, such material things include any material things (tools, measuring instruments), without which it is impossible to make a finished product (computers, food, houses, etc.).
The subject of labor is what the work of man is directed at. Subsequently, a similar object is the basis of the finished product.
Types of objects of labor
They are usually classified into the following groups:
- Materials used in light industry: cotton, silk, wood, linen, rubber, wool, leather, etc.
- Metals that can be non-ferrous and ferrous. The first group includes: copper, aluminum, as well as alloys, like brass or bronze. Ferrous metals are steel (structural, alloyed) and cast iron (gray, white, malleable), which contains more than 2% carbon.
- Petroleum products: diesel, gasoline, technical lubricants. The latter can include any liquid, solid or plastic substances that are often used to reduce wear and friction in the nodes of machines and mechanisms.
- Ferrous metallurgy materials: ferroalloys, iron ores, coke.
- Raw materials used in paper production: waste paper, wood pulp, cellulose (sulfate, sulfite and that made from non-woody plant resources).
- Building materials, which, in turn, are divided into natural and artificial. The first group of raw materials includes inorganic (stone, sand) and organic objects of labor (wood, straw, husk, etc.). All that was made from natural materials by mixing are considered to be artificial. For example, various emulsions and pastes, paints, bricks, cement, etc.
- Forest raw materials: trees and lumber.
- Chemical objects of labor: soda, acetone, powders, acids, various dyes, including food colors.
- Pipes: steel, cast iron and non-metallic (ceramic, glass, reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement).
- Wire materials (hardware).
Classification of labor
Conventionally, they are divided into the following:
- Natural, which are of natural origin and are used by man for economic purposes. For example, land or rivers.
- Technical means of labor - these are the things necessary to create the final products that were created by man artificially.
The last item in the list includes:
- Tame.
- Automatic.
- Mechanical means of labor.
Hand guns
Such means of labor are those things that are used only after the application of the physical strength of a person. These include, for example, carpentry tools necessary for working with wood and similar materials. It can be a workbench, chisel, saw, plane, etc.
In addition, there are other means related to the group of manual ones. For example, construction tools (trowel, shovel, hammer, screwdriver, putty knife, tamper), measuring (vernier calipers, dipstick, gauge) and devices for transporting goods (trolley, wheelbarrow, bucket).
As a rule, hand tools are used in almost any profession: from a carpenter to a surgeon.
Mechanical means of labor
This group includes any devices and devices that have a drive or engines that require physical strength to start. The simplest example of a mechanical means of labor is transport (cars, electric cars).
And also similar tools include advanced models of hand tools. For example, a pneumatic construction tool like a jackhammer, electric jigsaw or drill.
As in the case of manual, mechanical means of labor are used by people of many professions.
Automated guns
The main means of labor of this group include almost any equipment that does not fully or partially require the use of physical force. Such installations are usually used in serial or mass production, to ensure the continuity of the process. A striking example of such equipment is an automatic line. Depending on the setting, similar general mechanisms are capable of producing various products. But most often they are used for packaging goods and processing raw materials.
The advantage of automatic lines is that they do not require many employees. One or two operators are enough.