A concise presentation of the Russian language is one of the main types of creative work that helps to develop coherent speech among students. This skill is tested in the final exams after the ninth grade, therefore, the presentation should be given special attention, since this work is not as simple as it might seem at first glance.
What is a statement?
The basis of this work is imitation of the author's text. Nevertheless, the presentation gives the student a chance to independently develop creative thinking and show skills of independent work. When working on a presentation, students analyze, highlight the main topic, pay attention to some facts and exclude others. Typically, excerpts from works of Russian literature are offered for work, but in examination papers published articles of famous journalists or writers are more often found, aimed at shaping the worldview of schoolchildren affecting adolescent and universal problems.
Working with such texts has a good effect on the formation of children's thinking, develops their creative imagination, and teaches them how to work with texts, filtering out unnecessary information. It is also worth considering that this type of work develops various skills, teaches you to perceive information by ear and retell what you hear in writing or orally. And the analysis of the text, the definition of the topic, the author’s ideas that he wanted to convey to the readers, the identification of the peculiarities of both compositional and linguistic when reproducing the converted text form children's communication skills.
The main stages of working with text
- Listening to the text. Discussion of the text, which helps to perceive it as a semantic and thematic whole.
- Analysis of the structure to show that the text carries not only semantic and thematic unity, but also structural. It also helps prevent retelling errors.
- Highlighting the main theme of the text and the author’s thoughts, which he wanted to convey to the audience. It is necessary to draw up a plan and select materials that are still in the form of sketches and are needed to reveal the topic and convey the main idea.
What to do after listening to the text?
It is recommended that when you first listen to the text, you immediately fix the keywords, that is, the basic concepts on which the text is based. It is also good to transfer the language tools used by the author into your text. Only 10 minutes are given for this work, and after a lapse of time the text is given for listening again, and now during playback it is necessary to transfer the information heard as much as possible, then to select the necessary and exclude the least significant.
After the second listening, you should fully reproduce the text in writing so that you can then work with it.
And the last step is editing the text. For a concise presentation, this is the most important stage, because it is here that you need to be able to sift through important information and remove all unnecessary, as well as this work will help prevent speech errors.
What skills are formed?
Why is it now paying special attention to the ability to write a concise account of a topic that is important for modern times? At the final exam, that is, the final certification after the ninth grade, students show their ability to work with this type of presentation. What is the challenge facing graduates? It is important to be able to isolate the main thing from the reproduced text, to be able to use language tools to convey the most concise and capacious information. Also in this type of creative work test the student’s skills to process information. It turns out that this is a generalized, brief transmission of the content of the text.
The student must correctly convey the meaning and content and not use unnecessarily verbal aids. To correctly perform a concise presentation, you need to define tasks and choose a course of action.
What tasks does the student face?
- It is necessary to convey the content, identifying all the microthemes.
- Apply several compression methods.
- Observing the paragraphs, write a new text without errors (punctuation, logical and spelling) with a volume of 90 to 110 words.
The text will be turned on for listening two times, and between readings for comprehension and awareness 10 minutes are given. When you first turn on, you need to understand the essence of the transmitted information and the problem that the author wanted to convey. Be sure to pay attention to microtems, their sequence and location. What are microthemes? These are several sentences that are united by one thought. This general idea is a microtheme, and it represents one or more paragraphs. In a concise statement, all microthemes of the main text should be noted.
Examples of text compression types
When working with it, it is necessary to reduce or completely eliminate secondary information and leave the main one.
What does concise exposition mean?
There are three ways to compress text: exception, replacement, and generalization. We will analyze all these methods in more detail. If you use the exclusion method, then identify the main information and those details that can be excluded, and these are repetitions, synonyms, some irrelevant sentences, introductory words and constructions. By eliminating these unnecessary details, you leave the main information and form a compressed text.
When using the method of generalization, the necessary information, facts are extracted and the means are used to transmit them more briefly. Thus, compose a new text. Here you can replace homogeneous words with a common word, indirect direct speech and combine several simple sentences into one complex.
If you use simplification, pay attention to syntax constructs. That is, you can replace part of a complex sentence with participial or participial circulation, combine several simple sentences into one complex, replace several sentences with one, leaving the main idea, replace part of the sentence with a synonymous expression, replace part of the sentence with a demonstrative pronoun.
Texts for concise presentation are published on educational sites. They are taken from the examination options of past years, so it’s best to train your skills at work on them.