Pneumatic wheel crane: brands, device, technical specifications

Hoisting equipment is a special type of specialized equipment, without which it is extremely difficult to imagine the highly efficient implementation of planned work on a construction site, in a production workshop, and in some cases search and rescue operations (for example, the analysis of blockages after earthquakes). It goes without saying that for each operation to lift and move the load, it will be rational to use a certain type of such devices. But, as long-term practice has shown, quite often the pneumatic wheel crane turns out to be the best option for operation. We will talk about its device and technical features in this article.

Definition

So, a pneumatic wheel crane is a universal crane belonging to the type of jib and moving on a pneumatic wheel chassis. The machine is controlled from the cab located on the rotary part of the unit. Before starting its operation, the crane driver is required to conduct a full visual inspection of the main parts and assemblies, and check the operation of the brake system. This is done in order to ensure the proper level of safety of work.

History reference

The first pneumatic wheeled crane in the Soviet Union was launched in 1947, which was already quite distant from us. The name of the first model is K-101. Its carrying capacity was about 10 tons. The machine was already installed on a pneumatic three-axle chassis. The K-102 crane has already gone into mass production. It was created in 1952, and the release took place in the period 1954-1958. And already in 1961, the production of more powerful K-161 cranes began, the carrying capacity of which was 16 tons.

To date, pneumatic-wheel lifting machines are produced only in Western Europe, in Germany.

Appointment

Any self-propelled crane with a pneumatic wheel stroke is designed to ensure high-quality and quick execution of various construction, installation and loading and unloading operations at objects that are relatively small relative to each other in space.

At the time of the indicated work, the simultaneous execution of:

• Raising or lowering the load with raising or lowering the boom itself.
• Raising or lowering the working boom with the machine turning in the right direction.

All these actions are safely carried out thanks to the availability of special equipment on the crane, which we will talk about later.

Designation

Marking of cranes allows you to determine all the most important technical features and parameters. First of all, we will consider the available universal indexes “K”, “KS”.

“K” is a letter designation, which at one time was approved by the Ministry of Construction and Construction. The crane, released before 1967, will have such a one-letter index and two to three digits. The letter itself means that the machine belongs to a group of cranes, and the numbers indicate the capacity indicator and the serial number of the model.

Beginning in 1967, indexation “KS” was introduced, which means “self-propelled crane”.

Four letters always follow the letters, each of which carries certain information. So, the first digit indicates the carrying capacity:

• 1 to 4 tons;
• 2 - 6.3 tons;
• 3 to 10 tons;
• 4 - 16 tons;
• 5 - 25 tons;
• 6 to 40 tons;
• 7 - 63 tons;
• 8 - 100 tons;
• 9 - over 100 tons.

The second digit gives information about the type of running gear and means:

• 1 - caterpillar type device;
• 2 - wider tracked device;
• 3 - pneumowheel;
• 4 - special chassis (automobile type);
• 5 - chassis truck;
• 6 - tractor chassis;
• 7 - running gear trailed ;
• 8 and 9 - standby.

The third digit determines the type of suspension of the boom, which can be cable (indicated by the number 6) and rigid (number 7).

The fourth digit is the model modification number assigned.

Consider the example of a crane KS-7164. Its marking is deciphered as follows: a self-propelled crane, having a lifting capacity of 63 tons, on a tracked undercarriage, equipped with a rope suspension of the boom, the fourth modification.

Technical structure

The detailed arrangement of pneumatic wheel cranes should begin to be considered with the principle of the location of power plants.

The first group - cranes, the power plant of which is located on the rotary part. In them there is a mechanical transmission of movement directly to the running gear due to a single-engine diesel drive and gears. Energy can also be transferred to the engines of the running gear using an electric or diesel-electric drive. The carrying capacity of such machines is in the range from 10 to 100 tons.

The second group - cranes, the power plant of which is mounted on the running gear. In this case, the energy is transmitted directly to the running gear and the rotary part from the generator, which, in turn, is driven by a diesel engine. MKT-40 hoisting machines with a carrying capacity of 40 tons are included in this category.

In general, any such crane will necessarily have a lifting mechanism and a movement mechanism, each of which will consist of different nodes and parts.

Most Used Model

KS-5363 - diesel electric crane. It operates a multi-motor type drive that operates on direct current. Power supply comes from the power plant located on the unit. The machine can use a two-rope grab equipped with a bucket with a capacity of 2 cubic meters. m

This crane (25 tons - an indicator of the carrying capacity of its main lifting mechanism) is also equipped with an auxiliary lifting mechanism that serves loads weighing up to five tons.

All executive bodies of the machine have a fairly wide range of speed control, which is carried out by the generator-engine system. At the moment of movement, the crane platform can be rotated if any load is not fixed on it.

Crane control and design features

KS-5363 is controlled by three powerful systems: mechanical, electrical and hydraulic. Actuation of the required mechanism is carried out from the remote control by pressing buttons, as well as a pair of command controllers.

Switching the gearbox, adjusting the removal of bearings, turning the wheels, locking the differential - all this is done by activating a pumping hydraulic system based on the energy of a compressed fluid. The support is locked and controlled from the remote control located on the running gear, and all other mechanisms are controlled from the driver’s cab (driver).

The hydraulic system uses the gear pump NSh-32E, the capacity of which is 35 l / min. Injection pressure may be 10.5 MPa.

Crane winches are equipped with special spindle-type limit switches and rope-laying machines.

The described crane (25 tons) is equipped with a tower and an arrow. Moreover, the latter has a fifteen-meter length and can be increased if necessary with inserts with sizes of 5 or 10 meters to an indicator of 20, 25 and 30 meters.

The running gear is represented by two drive axles, all wheels being dual. Remote hydraulic supports can both be used in the process of lifting the cargo, and not.

As a power plant, the crane has a four-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine, an alternating current electric motor and two direct current generators. Also, this installation is paired with a gear pump through belt drives.

The main hoist winch as part of its kinematic scheme has:

• electric motor;
• three-stage gearbox;
• gear coupling preventing shaft overload;
• Shoe brake with short stroke magnet;
• toothed drum.

Car cab

Inside the cockpit on the front of a sufficiently large windshield is a dashboard. Various ammeters, voltmeters, switches, switches, manometer and thermometer are installed on it. On both sides of the board are mounted command controllers that control the mechanisms, as well as instruments for adjusting the speed of the machine and controlling the turning of the wheels.

In addition, the cabin has an electric stove for heating in the cold season, heaters that completely exclude the possibility of icing and fogging, a fan for cooling the driver in summer, and wipers. The crane operator himself is sitting in a chair, the height of which can be adjusted if necessary.

Move to work

The crane is towed using a special tractor at a speed not exceeding 20 km / h. If it is necessary to transport a pneumatic wheel crane along the railway bed, then in this case all the wheels and the boom are removed from it, and the machine itself is installed on a sixty-ton railway platform.

Digital data

In general, pneumatic wheel cranes, the technical characteristics of which will be indicated below in the table, are characterized by an excellent combination of price and quality. Years of practice have shown that the money invested in the purchase of such machines quickly return. In modern conditions, Volvo pneumatic-wheeled crane is very popular in the consumer environment, due to its optimal performance, reliability and maintainability. The true German quality has received love and recognition of users deservedly.

Brands of pneumatic wheel cranes

In addition to the above index "K", there is also a marking:

1. "MKP" - mounting pneumatic wheeled crane.
2. “MKT” - an assembly crane based on a tractor. In its designation after the hyphen indicates the carrying capacity in tons. For example, MKT-63.
3. “MKTT” - an assembly crane with a telescopic boom based on a tractor. Here, also, the numbers indicate load capacity.