The urban development area in the modern legislation of the Russian Federation has a large list of regulations governing this area. Residential zones are territories that are intended and are responsible for the rational and proper allocation of housing stock. Here it is necessary to pay attention to the need for design, taking into account building codes, programs, forecasts.
Normative regulation
The distribution of territories is carried out on the basis of master plans, which indicate the areas of resettlement, use of the natural component, and also take into account the territorial capabilities of productive forces. The whole complex of planning, defining zones, buildings, etc. is necessary for urban and rural settlements to be as convenient, well-planned, meeting the requirements of safe living, and also have the ability to develop infrastructure in the territory. SNiP 2.07.01-89: 2 defines the "residential zone", defines the rules, requirements, regulates the sequence of actions for creating urban and rural settlements, and also indicates the data for the calculations.
What is the purpose of the territory
Residential territory is a whole complex of objects that are involved in the life of the population. Firstly, it is a housing stock, buildings for various purposes, structures that are needed to form the city’s infrastructure, utilities. This includes scientific, educational, industrial facilities for which the equipment of sanitary protection zones and devices is not mandatory. It is also necessary to place parks, squares, objects for leisure activities in the residential area by the population of the city. The residential area should have a road component, which includes the presence of a street sphere formed from boulevards, squares, avenues. The list, according to the purpose, should be complete in terms of creating maximum conditions for human life.
Given the volume, as well as the features of the natural component of the territory, work is underway to create a planning structure for urban and rural settlements. It should consist of a residential sector, crowded places to fulfill their needs, road networks with appropriate communications, green areas. An important criterion for the integrity of a residential zone is its rational use, in which all elements must be interconnected in terms of their placement, without disturbing the residential landscape.
Features of territory planning
In order for the residential residential zone to be convenient for living, the area is rationally used, and also for the calculations necessary for the construction of various objects, SNiP contains a number of rules that must be taken into account when planning the territory.
Housing need
To determine the size of the territory, it is necessary to be guided by the need to provide an individual family with an apartment for living or a private house. In this case, it is necessary to take into account data on the average composition of a family living in a given locality (region). Housing construction should include in calculating the need for volume of premises, types of houses, buildings, structures, the presence and ability of the population to invest their own funds for construction.
Acceptable building areas
Building areas with individual housing when choosing a territory have a number of features. If this is a city line, then, in addition to free sites, places are used on which the construction of multi-storey buildings is not possible. Also used for private housing construction are areas intended for the reconstruction of a previously built-up residential sector. In the suburban area, individual housing construction is carried out on reserved territories that lead to the urban area, and newly created settlements outside the urban area should be within the transport accessibility at a distance of no more than 30-40 minutes from the central region.
Participation of the long-term plan in the implementation of the proposed development
When planning and providing areas for estate development, it is necessary to provide that the prospect of the built-up area is not at the construction site of multi-storey residential buildings. To create villages with individual houses, it is necessary for the development of normal functioning to provide for their landscaping, the creation of internal infrastructure, a road network, the availability of health care institutions, education, as well as an efficient sphere of providing services for the population.
Requirements for settlement areas, taking into account individual characteristics
In addition to the main points that are defined in SNiP, some features must be taken into account. Residential territory is not only a housing stock, but also the presence of historical objects, the residence of people with disabilities related to health, as well as the fate of disadvantaged regions, in terms of natural instability.
So, in the settlements you need to secure and preserve architectural monuments that have historical, cultural value. This requirement applies to buildings and structures that have a special architectural appearance. When conducting residential planning, it is important to take into account the planning structure of buildings under special protection, as well as reconstruct historical zones, taking into account the preservation of these objects.
According to topographic and other data that carry information about the seismic state of the territories, a policy is determined for the dispersal of objects included in residential areas. This requirement applies to unstable areas where a fragmented planning structure of cities is used, which provides for the placement of objects with a certain dispersion from each other.
Another element, which includes the creation of a full-fledged residential region, is the provision of accessibility in various areas of life to people with disabilities. Planning and placement of facilities should include facilities for the disabled and persons with limited mobility.
City development
As the city, the population of its people grows, the territory becomes multifunctional. In addition to the location of the objects forming the urban settlement, there are not only residential areas. These are industrial and forest park territories. The former are responsible for organizing and filling the city with industrial facilities. The second are intended for mass recreation, sporting events, entertainment, etc. The forest-park territory is located around the city and is served to maintain order and create conditions for the population. As for industrial facilities, it is worth taking into account when forming and populating the city that this area is the main source of environmental pollution.
Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the zones that make up the city or settlement should be located taking into account their purpose. When calculating and planning, it is necessary to compose the zones so that they work in concert, without interfering with each other, without creating further problems, at the same time developing a system infrastructure for the full functioning of the city and the population.
Summarizing
Residential zones are the main shapers of multifunctional infrastructure facilities. According to the regulations of the Russian Federation, there are many rules, requirements, restrictions and features that should be taken into account when planning. Significant is the relationship with other areas that will become necessary, important, necessary for the population and life of the whole region. It is the competent calculation of the residential territory, taking into account legislative regulation, that will create a city or settlement that will fully perform its functions, which in the future will exclude the formation of negative factors and irreparable errors in the development of the territory. Therefore, this area is engaged in a whole range of units responsible for the development and formation of cities, which use a huge mass of scientific and technical resources to create, prosper, develop, expand the territory.