M40 fuel oil, like any other furnace material from this category, belongs to high-calorie fuel.
general information
Fuel oil is a dark brown-looking mixture of resins, carbenes, hydrocarbons, carbides and other substances. If we compare the brands M40 and M100 of heating oil, the first category wins greatly. The flash limit for M40 is 90 degrees Celsius, and the calorific value of the substance ranges from 39,000 to 40,500 kJ / kg. The amount of mechanical additives is not more than 1%. Exceeding this limit will lead to a decrease in properties. There are no special requirements for the storage of material, but a long period of time can lead to the fact that fuel oil is saturated with moisture.
Heating oil
Currently, oil production is very powerful. Crude oil is the source of almost all types of fuel that are currently used, but the oil itself cannot be used for the same purpose. Special processing processes are needed to turn raw material into usable fuel. It is in the process of oil refining that the material that is considered waste remains. Fuel oil M40, M100 and M200. This material, which is already processed, is not thrown away, it began to be used as fuel for boiler rooms.
If we talk about the composition of this raw material, then it contains up to 87% carbon, up to 11.1% hydrogen, and also there is oxygen and nitrogen up to 1%.
It is also worth noting that both oil and fuel oil are divided into two classes depending on the percentage of sulfur (SO2). Low-sulfur fuel is emitted - the content of the substance in the raw material is up to 1%. High sulfur fuel is a firing material in which the sulfur content reaches 2.5%.
Kinds
M40 fuel oil can also be of two types - low viscosity or high viscosity with a large amount of paraffin and other resinous substances. It should be noted that viscosity for heating oil is a very important parameter. It affects such technical characteristics of M40 fuel oil as the ability to transport, the quality of the drain, the ability to pump and burn raw materials. It is also important to add that a change in the viscosity of a given material occurs with increasing temperature. Because of this factor, most operations involving M40 fuel oil are preheated.
Since the viscosity of this material is a very important indicator, conventional units of viscosity of VU are used to determine it. There is GOST, which establishes the concept of what is the conditional viscosity of the material, and also establishes the procedure for determining this parameter.
Viscosity
Depending on the degree of their nominal viscosity, M40 fuel oil and its other varieties are divided into several grades. The main characteristic of separation is the pour point, which is different for each brand, but in any case it will be more than 0 degrees Celsius. The most viscous brands of fuel oil freeze at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and above. Because of this parameter, it is necessary to go through the preheating stage. For example, to carry out the process of distillation of such fuel oil, it is necessary to heat it to a temperature of 60-70 degrees. If burning fuel oil of this brand is required, it is necessary to heat it to a temperature of 140 degrees.
It is worth adding that among the technical characteristics of fuel oil there is also a flash point. In other words, when heated to a certain temperature threshold, the raw materials will begin to emit vapors into the air, which will remain in the air, forming a flammable mixture if you bring open fire to it.
GOST fuel oil M40
There is a state standard 10585-2013, which regulates the rules of use, safety, production of oil fuel, as well as heating oil. This GOST also establishes physico-chemical indicators, which must correspond to the fuel oil of each brand. Characteristics of heating oil M 40 the use of this raw material is subject to strict rules. They are as follows:
- The kinematic viscosity of M40 at a temperature of 80 degrees Celsius should not be more than 59.00 mm 2 / s.
- The ash content as a percentage for fuel oil of this brand should be 0.04 for low ash and 0.12 for ash raw materials.
- The mass fraction for mechanical impurities in fuel oil should be no more than 0.5 in percentage terms.
- Mass fraction of water in the composition of raw materials - 1%.
- Also, M40 fuel oil should not contain any alkalis or acids soluble in water.
- The hydrogen sulfide content in this brand of fuel oil should not exceed 10 mg / kg.
- It is worth noting that the flash point in an open crucible for fuel oil M40 is 90 degrees, but in a closed flash is not possible.
Safety in accordance with GOST
GOST also establishes safety parameters for handling this product. According to this document, heating oil is recognized as a low-risk for human life and health, and therefore it belongs only to the 4th hazard category according to GOST 12.1.007. Also, this document states that the concentration of hydrocarbon vapors in the air in settlements, as well as in places of the working area should be regulated by regulatory documents for these materials.
It is worth noting that fuel oil negatively affects, irritates the mucous membrane, and also long-term interaction with it has a bad effect on the skin of a person. From which it follows that to work with this raw material, it is necessary to have protection for the eyes and nose, as well as gloves. It is important that fuel oil is not able to form toxic compounds with air or water if it enters this medium at a temperature appropriate to the environment.
Fuel oil M40 and M100
Since fuel oil is a waste from oil refining and there are several brands, it is logical that one of them is superior to the other. It is currently believed that the M40 brand is much better than the M100 brand. Since the main characteristics of this raw material are viscosity, water and sulfur content, ash content, flash point and pour point, etc., it is precisely by these parameters that they are compared.
The viscosity of the M40 brand is less than that of the M100 brand. This is achieved due to the fact that in the 40th fuel oil is added from 10 to 15% of the diesel fraction, which increases fluidity and reduces the pour point by 15 degrees, that is, only up to 10 degrees Celsius. In turn, the M100 freezes at 25 0 C, which is why it is necessary to heat the raw materials all the time and there are problems with transportation. M40, in good weather conditions, can be transported without much difficulty. For the same reason, it turns out that the operating temperature of fuel oil brand M100 is in the range from 60 to 70 degrees. While M40 fuel oil can be operated at a temperature of 20 degrees below this. This, of course, reduces the cost of burning.
The cost of this raw material is not so high due to the fact that it is considered waste. In addition, it falls if the fuel oil is stored for too long, since during storage it can be saturated with moisture, which greatly worsens its performance. The price of M40 fuel oil ranges from 5,500 thousand rubles to 12,000 thousand rubles per 1 ton of material.