One of the most important concepts of modern management has become the management of the organization. What is it, what is the meaning of this term, and why is this concept given such great importance?
In fact, the word “management” is a synonym for “management”. This is the name of the system, which includes the methods, principles, tools and forms used to manage organizations and increase the efficiency of their work. Timely and most complete use of all categories of organization’s resources to maximize profits is also the organization’s management. What is it, we will consider in more detail below.
Who is the manager?
A person performing the tasks of a manager is endowed with a number of powers that allow him to make decisions for managing a specific type of company activity (functioning in a market economy). As a rule, he does not act as the owner of the enterprise or capital, however, he may have shares in the company in which he works.
Given the volume and complexity of the tasks that the manager is called upon to solve within the framework of his position, the following qualities and skills should be peculiar to him:
- Knowledge of the general principles applied in the process of enterprise management.
- The concept of leadership, its foundations and principles. The ability to lead people.
- Possession of psychological methods of persuasion, influence and motivation.
- The ability to delve into the process with the aim of optimizing it.
- The ability to feel and, if necessary, adjust the climate in the team.
Based on the main tasks of the manager, we can conclude that its main function is to ensure communication and unity of the production process, as well as the unification of employees belonging to various specialties (engineers, designers, marketers, economists, extras, psychologists, planners, accountants and others).
Tasks of management and managers
Optimization of the management process of individual structural elements of the company or the entire organization is aimed at:
- Provide automation of the production process and attract those workers with the highest qualifications.
- Optimize the use of those resources and stocks that are available to the enterprise.
- Stimulate the work of company personnel. To do this, the manager studies and improves their working conditions, and also develops a system of material incentives.
- Constantly monitor the effectiveness of the enterprise and coordinate the work of all its departments.
- Search and develop new markets.
Long-term planning
There is such a thing as “strategic management of an organization”. It provides for the solution of the following issues:
- Defines specific and clear goals for the development of the company (short-term, long-term).
- Identifies the priority of goals, their sequence and sequence of implementation.
- Develops optimal strategies (course), in accordance with which the development of the company will take place (formulates economic tasks and ways to solve them).
- Predicts possible problems in certain time periods and develops a system of measures aimed at eliminating them.
- Determines the resources necessary for the enterprise and looks for sources to ensure them.
- Monitors the implementation of tasks.
Managerial hierarchy
Organization of the management process at any enterprise is impossible without building a management structure.
Depending on how large the company is and what is the size of its staff, this structure can include from four to several dozen levels.
Schematically, the organization’s management (what it is and what is the hierarchy of the managing staff) can be represented as follows:
- Top managers.
- Top middle level managers.
- Lower middle level workers.
- Grassroots employees.
Compared to a fairly broad middle management, the number of lower and higher level employees is significantly lower.
Organization environment: management and its subsystems
The environment in which the organization conducts its business activities is called the combination of factors and circumstances that influence and influence this process. Distinguish between internal and external environments.
The first includes all business processes occurring in the enterprise, their accounting and analysis, as well as personnel with its specifics. The external environment includes those factors that cannot be attributed to the internal: the political situation, legal aspects of the activity, the economic situation, and many other circumstances.
The management process covers all areas of the organization and takes into account the factors of both environments. Therefore, it is divided into subsystems that specialize in management:
- By design.
- Production processes.
- By the staff.
- Qualitative characteristics of products.
- Market analysis.
- By investing.
- Finance.
- Strategic planning.
- Ecological situation.
- Information component.
- Risky projects.
Each of these areas has its own theoretical base, methodology and technology, which are backed up by numerous studies and improvements.
How to become a manager
In secondary schools they study basic theoretical knowledge, which includes the subject of "organization management". What it is is described in more detail at specialized courses in technical schools, colleges, institutes and universities.
In addition, there is a mass of literature, private courses (traditional or online learning), seminars and trainings that provide very valuable and useful information. As a rule, their authors have solid managerial experience, and their practice in managing an organization spans decades.
The program of such courses is designed for an in-depth study of practical management and for advanced training of specialists with special education.