Parents of young children are interested in how often Mantoux is made for children. This question is not so difficult. Indeed, in Russia there is a special vaccination calendar. It indicates the frequency of certain vaccinations. And there you can find how often the Mantoux reaction is carried out. What do parents need to know about this study? How to interpret the reaction results? What is the schedule for vaccines in Russia?
What is a Mantoux reaction?
The first step is to figure out what kind of diagnostics are in question. The fact is that vaccination in modern parents raises many questions. And often people are looking for some analogues of Mantoux. But what is it?
The Mantoux reaction has nothing to do with vaccination. This is a kind of study for the presence of tuberculosis. That is, a child or an adult is injected subcutaneously with tuberculin, to which the body responds. After 3 days, you can find out the results of the study. Mantoux is an old and time-tested method for detecting tuberculosis in children and adults. At the moment in Russia is carried out quite often. This research was replaced by an analogue - diaskintest.
How often do Mantoux children? To understand this is not difficult. It is enough to take an interest in the schedule of vaccination at pediatricians.
Frequency of the study
Tuberculosis is a disease that can be obtained at any time. Therefore, the Mantoux reaction is carried out with a certain periodicity. Both in children and adults. But how often? How many times and when is it necessary to conduct such a study?
According to the established schedule in Russia, this type of diagnosis is regular. How often do Mantoux children? Annually. There are several options for the development of events - either parents themselves turn to medical organizations for an individual study, or they conduct mass vaccination in educational institutions. The second option is most often found in practice.
In other words, from a certain age, it is necessary to conduct the Mantoux test once a year. Parents have the right to write a rejection of this diagnosis. There are many ways to detect tuberculosis. For example, by performing a blood or urine test. Or agree to diaskintest.
Negative reaction
Now a little about how you can interpret the results. How often do Mantoux children? Every year, once every 12 months. But how to understand that the child is not sick with tuberculosis?
After tuberculin is injected under the skin, the injection site may swell slightly and turn red. In some cases, a bruise of small diameter appears. If the redness is small, then there is no tuberculosis. Ideally, in addition to the injection mark, there should not be any reaction at all.
Signs of infection
Nevertheless, there is a positive Mantoux. How to understand that a child or adult is infected with tuberculosis? This is easy to do. After the introduction of tuberculin under the skin, 72 hours pass, then the results of the indications are evaluated. It has already been said - the absence of a reaction indicates the absence of infection. Slight redness and even bruising are also not dangerous.
Mantoux positive is the appearance of papules or redness of the skin in large sizes. Typically, the diameter of the trace is up to 1 centimeter. This is a positive result for tuberculosis. In some cases, redness grows to a few centimeters.
Turn
There is such a thing as a turn of a tuberculin test. This is the process of transition of a negative Mantoux reaction to a positive one. Or significant changes in the papule after the last diagnosis. The reddish tubercle increases.
As a rule, it is the turn of the tuberculin test that forces doctors to think about the recent infection of the child. Therefore, with this phenomenon, a course of treatment is often prescribed. Even before a check is carried out of a child or adult for the presence of Koch's bacillus in the body.
Start vaccinations
How often do they make a Mantoux reaction? Ideally, once a year. But with some suspicions, the TB doctor is able to prescribe a re-diagnosis himself. It does not carry any danger to the body. This must be taken into account.
When can I do Mantoux? For the first time, a BCG vaccine is given to a child in the first days of life. It is closely associated with tuberculosis. But direct diagnosis for the presence of the disease must be done for the first time in 12 months. Tuberculin is administered to the child in the same way as an adult - under the skin, in the arm.
Accordingly, if parents think about how often they do Mantoux for their children, we can say that from year to year they will have to deal with this study. But, as has already been emphasized, you can choose a different way to test your child for tuberculosis.
Re-diagnosis
The next question that interests many is how quickly, after dubious Mantoux results, can a reanalysis be done? This is a pretty interesting topic that causes controversy among parents. Nevertheless, any pediatrician or immunologist can give accurate answers.
If BCG has recently been vaccinated, it is not recommended to carry out Mantoux earlier than 30 days after vaccinating the child. A high probability of a false positive result. When it comes to re-diagnosing the presence of tuberculosis, it is best to wait a month too. A more accurate information will be provided by a TB specialist. It is likely that a re-examination for the presence of tuberculosis will be carried out after 14 days.
Without BCG
How often do Mantoux be given to children who do not have a BCG vaccine? The fact is that in the first 3-4 days of life, the child, as already mentioned, is administered the named vaccine. If parents refuse this, special attention will have to be paid to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. It is carried out more often than vaccinated children.
So, according to the established rules, in Russia children without BCG encounter Mantoux 2 times a year, starting from 6 months. Moreover, a similar diagnosis continues until the baby is vaccinated with BCG-M vaccine. Accordingly, a situation may arise in which you have to do the Mantoux reaction several times a year. HIV-infected children are also tested several times in 12 months.
Vaccination schedule
Now it’s clear how often you need to do Mantoux. The vaccination schedule in 2016 in this regard does not change. Diagnosis of tuberculosis is carried out once a year. And what about the other vaccinations? After all, vaccination is a very complicated process. It raises a lot of questions from parents. Some refuse certain injections. It is important to understand that when administering vaccines, the established schedule must be followed. So it turns out not to endanger the child and develop immunity to a particular disease.
The vaccination schedule for children in Russia in 2016 looks like this:
- in the first days of life - hepatitis B, BCG;
- 30 days - hepatitis B;
- 2 months - pneumococcal infection ;
- 3 months - DTP, polio, hemophilic infection;
- 4.5 months - as in 90 days of life + "pneumococcus";
- 8 months - DTP, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B, hemophilic infection;
- 1 year - measles, rubella, mumps, Mantoux (annually);
- 15 months - "pneumococcus";
- 1.5 years - DTP, polio, "hemophilic";
- 20 months - polio (drops, live vaccine);
- 6 years - CPC, diphtheria, tetanus.
Here is a schedule of vaccinations for children in Russia proposed. It is not necessary to adhere to it - you can not be vaccinated with certain vaccines or postpone the process at the request of the parents. Then the immunologist and TB specialist make up an individual vaccination schedule.
Summary
Now it’s clear when they do Mantoux for children, with what frequency, and how to interpret the results. The vaccination calendar in Russia in 2016 also became known.
Do Mantoux? Parents have the right to decide for themselves exactly how they should be diagnosed with tuberculosis. And not only on him, in general on any infections and diseases. Therefore, you can abandon Mantoux. But in this case, as has already been emphasized, it will be necessary to conduct a different study for the presence of a disease in the body.
There is nothing wrong with Mantoux. The main thing that citizens should remember is that this type of diagnosis is not a vaccination. Tuberculin is injected under the skin, not intravenously. Therefore, it is impossible to become infected with tuberculosis from this process.