Moscow Machine-Building Enterprise (MMP) named after Chernysheva is rightfully one of the world leaders in the aircraft engine industry. The plant produces power units of the RD, TV7 and VK series for aircraft and helicopters in Russia and a number of foreign partners. An important area is the repair and maintenance of previously released RD-33 motors and their modifications.
Dreams of heaven
A prerequisite for the creation of MMP. Chernysheva became an increased interest in the 1920s and ordinary citizens, and the government, and the military in aviation. Aircraft clubs and aircraft modeling circles were created throughout the country. Here are just the aircraft themselves were extremely few. 02/09/1923 The Council on Civil Aviation was created, and a month later - the voluntary Society of Friends of the Air Fleet (FFA).
In 1925, in the wake of the development of the young industry, engineers A. D. Shvetsov and N. V. Okromeshko created the first Soviet aircraft engine model M-11. Despite the simple design, he gave out 110 liters. with. A year later, under the characteristics of the engine, engineer N. N. Polikarpov designed the U-2 glider (aka Po-2). The light aircraft was intended for training novice pilots.
From scratch
Having a ready-made motor and glider on hand, the question arose about their mass production. Part of the orders were transferred to existing enterprises. But at the same time, the idea of building an aircraft building complex near Moscow, consisting of:
- Aircraft assembly (now the Tushino Engineering Plant).
- The airfield of the civil air fleet (National Aero Club named after V.P. Chkalov).
- Aviation College №4.
- Motor repair shops (now OJSC “MMP named after V. V. Chernyshev”).
- Radio factory number 85.
- Parachute factory.
- Airship training plant.
In the latter, by the way, Umberto Nobile taught himself.
The construction was carried out in stages, right in the middle of a swampy field. The first structures were wooden barracks, unsuitable for serious work. The machine park consisted of old equipment. In 1932, repair shops were renamed Plant No. 82, but they were only formally an enterprise. Only in 1933 the first capital building was erected, which housed the assembly area, the "foundry" and laboratories.
At a nearby machine-building plant, they began to produce the short-range aircraft "Steel-2" designed by A. I. Putilov. It was decided to assemble engines for it at the MMP named after Chernysheva. As power units, we chose modified versions of the first-born M-11, which received the name MG - “civil motor”. Already in 1935, the first products (MG-31 / MG-31F) successfully passed state tests. By the way, the forced version of the MG-31F was able to develop a power of 330 hp, which is three times higher than the original model.
Years of testing
In 1938, the plant was transferred to the NKVD. In anticipation of the war, engines for long-range bombers Er-2 and Pe-8 took the place of peaceful engines. To develop them, the Chekists organized a special prison (“sharagu”), in which talented engineers and inventors from TsIAM were accused of espionage.
One of the prisoners was the future outstanding aircraft engine designer A.D. Charomsky. Under his leadership, a powerful AN-1 motor was created. For their assembly, the material and technical base was expanded, equipment was purchased, additional buildings were erected, new types of industries were created. With the outbreak of war, IMF them. Chernyshev from Moscow was temporarily evacuated to Kazan.
From piston to jet
The Second World War clearly showed the advantages of jet aircraft over aircraft equipped with piston engines. In 1945, the question arose of mass production of domestic jet engines. And this task was entrusted to specialists of the Moscow Engineering Enterprise.
The team coped brilliantly with the task. At the MPP, the first in the USSR began to produce turbojet power plants of the RD-500 models with a thrust of 1600 kg and VK-1 with a thrust of 2700 kg. They were installed on MiG-15BIS interceptors and MiG-15 front-line fighters.
Subsequently, at the MMP named after Chernyshev made a series of jet engines for MiG-class aircraft. The peak of evolution was the forced double-circuit aircraft engine Izotov RD-33 and its modifications. They are still used today in the Russian MiG-29 / SMT / KUB and MiG-35 fighters. Adapted models SMR-95 and RD-93 are used on combat aircraft Super Cheetah D-2 (South African Air Force), Mirage III and Mirage F-1 (France).
Import substitution
Due to the well-known events, the Ukrainian company Motor Sich suspended the supply of power units and their components for Russian helicopters. In 2015, the government decided to establish the production of components for helicopter engines VK-2500 (family TV3-117) at the Moscow Engineering Plant.
In the same year, the team joined a joint project for the design and manufacture of new generation engines TV7-117. They are planned to be installed on promising compact "transporters" of the IL-112 series and regional passenger IL-114. For light fighters and training aircraft, the RD-1700 motor was developed.
Address MMP them. Chernyshev: st. Cherry-7, Moscow, Russia, ind. 125362.