A person in his life has to take several tests several times. So, the most popular type of research is the study of urine. This is what will be discussed in this article. You will learn what a urinalysis can show and how to decipher the results. It is also worth mentioning about the pathologies that this examination most often reveals.
Analysis of urine
To begin with, it is worth saying that there are several ways to explore this material. The most common is a general urine test. If the result does not satisfy the doctor, then additional studies may be prescribed: urine analysis according to Nechiporenko, bacteriological examination, daily examination, test according to Zimnitsky and others.
Urine test results: transcript
How to recognize the obtained data after the study? Of course, it is worth considering the norms of the laboratory. It does not matter what kind of study was conducted. Normal values should always be indicated. It is worth noting that different laboratories have different standards. If your results fall within the proposed range, then the health of the body is normal. In the case when a poor urinalysis (result) is obtained, then additional studies of this material are necessary.
Consider what should be the results of a urinalysis (decoding) in a normal state.
Urine volume
This indicator should be in the range from 500 to 2000 milliliters. It is worth noting that the study of daily volume is rather rare. There are direct indications for this (most often kidney disease).
For standard analysis, you must pass from 100 to 200 milliliters. This is considered a normal amount of material.
Material color
First, transparency is determined. In the event that the material is cloudy or has an impurity in the form of flakes, you will most likely have a poor urine test.
Color is also determined. In normal condition, it should be light yellow or amber.
Smell
This indicator should be without features. Most often, urine has an aromatic, unsharp smell. In this case, the word “norm” is indicated on the form. Various unpleasant impurities indicate the presence of pathology.
Urine pH
A urinalysis table indicates that this indicator should be in the range from 5 to 8. A decrease or increase in acidity may indicate a pathology of the urinary tract.
Detailed data
Also during the study, additional data is revealed. The results of urine tests (normal) in this case are as follows:
- white blood cells range from 1 to 4 units;
- erythrocytes are determined by no more than two;
- cylinders may not be detected at all or may be in a minimum quantity;
- protein, bacteria and impurities are absent.
A detailed analysis is carried out using a microscope. Lab technician takes one milliliter of urine and examines it.
What can a urinalysis (pathology) show?
After receiving the result, there may be two options. Performance can be completely normal. In this case, the person is recognized as healthy. Deviations from the norm, which indicate various pathologies, can also be detected. So, what can a urinalysis show? Most often, deviations from normal values indicate diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract.
Infection
A large number of white blood cells and red blood cells indicates infection. Also in this case, nitrites and cylinders are detected, which in the normal state should not be at all.
A decrease in urine output per day may indicate any infection. In this case, most often we are talking about dehydration, which occurred due to a certain ailment. Such pathologies include influenza, a viral disease accompanied by fever, alcohol abuse and other diseases.
What can urinalysis show when an unusual color of the material or its clouding is observed? Most often, this phenomenon indicates inflammation of the bladder or urinary tract. Also, a material with a cloudy tint can acquire if it is kept in a container for a long time.
The bright red color of the material indicates bleeding from the urinary tract. In this case, cystitis is most often diagnosed. A bluish tint indicates the attachment of a bacterial infection. However, such an indicator can be detected in the case of the use of certain drugs. That is why it is worth giving up drugs two days before the test.
What can a urinalysis show in case of an unpleasant odor? Most often, this phenomenon indicates a urinary tract infection. A foreign odor may also occur if the material is stored for a long time.
Kidney disease
The presence of protein in the urine indicates this pathology . Also, with various pathologies of the kidneys, the number of leukocytes increases, many cylinders and red blood cells are found.
A dark red or burgundy shade of urine can be observed with inflammation of the kidneys (pyelonephritis or glomerulo-nephritis). Sometimes a certain food gives such a shade: beets or carrots.
A bacterial study can also be said about kidney disease, as a result of which a large growth of microorganisms is detected.
Diabetes
If ketone bodies are found in the test material, as well as nitrites and glucose, diabetes mellitus is suspected. However, this diagnosis cannot be made only by the results of one urinalysis.
Suspicion of such a disease also occurs when an excess of daily urine is detected. In this case, the kidneys do a lot of work, distilling huge volumes of material daily.
Summarizing
So, now you know what kind of decoding for urine analysis in adults. It is worth noting that the results of the study of the material of the child can vary significantly. What is normal for a baby may be a pathology for an adult.
If you receive a bad test result, do not panic and immediately begin serious treatment. Perhaps you should retake the analysis. Often there are times when the result is affected by the diet and lifestyle of a person. Also, improper material collection can give false health data.
Conclusion
Have your urine tested as your doctor recommends. This study is very simple and quick, but it can tell about many deviations in the body. If necessary, you will be assigned additional, more detailed studies. Keep your health under control and don't get sick!