What is information in wildlife? How is she represented in society? And the technique? All these questions will be answered within the framework of this article.
The importance of information
Obtaining and transforming data is necessary for the life of any arbitrary organism. Even the simplest unicellular organisms cannot do without this. So, they collect data on temperature, chemical composition of the medium in order to choose the most suitable conditions for their existence. Moreover, living things can not only perceive the information received from the environment through the senses, but also share it. This fully applies to humans. So, to obtain data, sensory organs are used, of which there are five, and the exchange is carried out using languages (gestures, natural, formal).
Information processes
They can be implemented not only in living nature (between people and in society in particular). So, mankind has created a variety of devices - machines. Their work is closely related to the processes of receiving, storing and
transmitting data. For example, there is such an automatic device as a thermostat. He works with information about room temperature. Depending on the temperature set by the person and the situation that exists now, he can turn on / off the heaters. There are three types of information processes:
- Treatment.
- Broadcast.
- Storage.
As you can see, information of animate and inanimate nature has much in common. It should be said that a person is nevertheless more complexly organized than the same technique, although some may find it difficult to believe in it. Thanks to the sensory organs, we can perceive the data, comprehend them and, combining our experience, knowledge and intuition, make some decisions. They are then embodied in real actions, with the help of which a change in the surrounding world is carried out.
Wildlife information
This is a very interesting topic. The most significant repository in this case is the gene. It contains data that determine the structure and development of
living organisms. Genetic information is inherited. It is stored in DNA molecules. They consist of four components called nucleotides. Together they form the genetic alphabet. If we are talking about examples of
information in wildlife, it allows you to best imagine it. Individual sections are responsible for the structure and functioning of specific parts of the body. Genes determine the ability and predisposition to talent or hereditary diseases. The more complex an organism is, the more individual sections can be distinguished in DNA molecules. Thus, the human genome has over 20 thousand genes that contain more than 3 billion nucleotide residues.
DNA decryption has been going on for decades. Despite the widespread use of computer technology, the bulk of the work was completed only in the zero years. But these are not the only possible examples of information in wildlife. Let's remember about trees and vegetation in general. By winter, they fall asleep, and wake up in the spring. This is a real transfer of information in living nature: vegetation cells feel that the conditions are changing and begin to curtail their activities. A similar example can be given in animals. So, look at the bears. The transmission of information in wildlife in this case is manifested in the fact that they accumulate fat, and when cold weather falls into hibernation mode. Here processes occur both at the level of the whole organism, and of individual systems. There is one interesting aspect that information has in wildlife. Computer science is a science that studies all the processes associated with data. Now this is understood mainly as a technical area, and biological is almost not considered within its framework. For this purpose, microbiology, biochemistry, biophysics and a number of other sciences that deal with processes in living organisms have been specially created.
Information in the community
Man is a social being. To communicate with other people, you must exchange data with them. In our society for them there are such designations: communication, information, awareness about the state of affairs. What is interesting is that information processes are not the exclusive prerogative of human society. Why does grass turn yellow by fall, leaves fall, and generally all vegetation goes into sleep mode during the cold season? And why is everything reviving in spring? All this is the result of information processes that occur in plants. So, their cells can perceive the changes that occur in the external environment and accordingly respond to them.
Technical Information
This direction is engaged in cybernetics. In this management science, the very
concept of information is used to describe organizational processes in various dynamic systems (which can be living organisms or technical devices). Their livelihoods or normal functioning are closely related to management processes. Therefore, all necessary processes are supported in the required range of parameter values. These include the receipt, storage, conversion and transmission of information. In any process of this type, two objects always interact - the manager and the managed. They are connected by a direct and feedback channel. On the first control signals are transmitted. With their help, the control object is displayed on the required range of parameters. The feedback channel transmits status information and the current state of affairs.
Let's look at how this is done using the example of temperature control in a room thanks to an air conditioner. In this case, the person acts as the control object. Managed is air conditioning. A thermometer is placed in the room, which provides a person with data on the magnitude of the temperature. This is a feedback channel. To increase or decrease the temperature, or change the range, a person can turn the air conditioner on or off. This is an example of a direct communication channel. In the end result, the room temperature is maintained in a certain range that is comfortable for a person. Similarly, you can analyze and work at the computer. The man here again acts as the manager (and technology - managed) of the object. Thanks to the sensory organs (such as vision and hearing), information about the state of the computer is obtained through an information output device (monitor or speakers), which acts as a feedback channel. A person analyzes the received data and makes a decision on the implementation of certain control actions. With the help of input devices (mouse or keyboard), which act as a direct communication channel, they are committed relative to the computer. You see what features the information of animate and inanimate nature has.
Human Perception
Separately, it is worthwhile to dwell on those who provide the greatest interest - people. Regarding us, we can say that the most valuable thing that makes us such highly organized beings is human thinking. This is a very developed information processing process - at the moment, the best on the Earth. A person can act as a carrier of a large amount of data, which are presented as visual images, various facts, theories and the like. The whole process of cognition, which proceeds almost continuously, is to receive and accumulate information.
Science Approach
Cybernetics studies the technical aspects. In general, this direction is implemented within the framework of computer science, which is engaged in the study of data and all their features. But the peculiarity of cybernetics is that this science specializes in managing the processes that occur. She studies the possibilities of influence and careful observation of the movement of information and its optimization.
Conclusion
As you can see, there is information in wildlife, society, technology, ourselves - wherever you look, you can find it. It is impossible to do without it. And in the absence of part of the information a person often experiences significant difficulties.