The organization’s resources (material, temporary and other) are a set of tools that can be potentially used in the process of releasing goods, providing services or performing work. In other words, these are the benefits that the company uses to create other benefits. That is why in the literature they are called productive resources. These benefits are used by various commercial and non-profit enterprises, as well as entrepreneurs and household owners.
If we consider economic resources from the perspective of an economic entity whose activity is aimed at creating a certain group of goods, then they recognize those sources that are necessary for doing business and solving production problems. This characteristic is based on the quantitative characteristics of specific resources.
Classification
The main types of resources are the following resource groups:
- Human
- Temporary.
- Technological.
- Informational.
- Financial.
- Material.
- Energy.
All of them are extremely important for the enterprise.
Brief description of resources
The key place in the list is occupied by human resources. It is people - specialists, managers, service personnel and other personnel - who are the driving force of the enterprise. The effectiveness of the company, its competitiveness depends on the level of their preparation.
Energy and material resources are no less important for the enterprise. Without energy, production cannot be launched. The basis of any product is raw materials, semi-finished products and other material resources.
Temporary reserves of the enterprise are very limited. This resource is unique: it cannot be accumulated. It is not possible to partially spend or extend the period of its use. Time is irreversible. The rationality of the use of space-time resources directly determines the effectiveness of the enterprise management.
Equally important is the level of organization of the collection, processing, search, storage, transmission of data. The enterprise must have sufficient information resources to conduct business. Managers of the company need to know the peculiarities of the market conditions, the specifics of the work of competitors, the dynamics of supply and demand. At the same time, the sources of Internet data must be reliable and official, so that it does not happen that the requested resources are temporarily unavailable. If possible, use several sources of information. Different Internet resources will provide more complete information. And if one resource is temporarily unavailable, you can use another.
An enterprise that does not have sufficient financial resources may remain outside the market. Funds are extremely important for work: equipment is purchased on them, staff labor is paid. Temporary and financial resources are closely related to each other. Often, an enterprise uses borrowed funds for development, which will need to be repaid. In order to fulfill your obligations properly, you must properly organize the work process. Temporary and financial resources, along with labor, remain today the most important means of production.
In the modern world, a company that implements advanced technologies in its activities is considered competitive. They allow you to increase productivity, to market new products with high consumer qualities.
Time management
This system of time management of the company includes a number of elements, the use of which in the complex allows to significantly optimize the production process. This is achieved by reducing the duration of technological and other operations. In management, temporary resources are seen as a key link in a business. It consists of:
- Time use analysis.
- Setting goals expected by management.
- Production time planning.
- Development of methods to combat the misallocation of temporary resources.
Characterization of elements
Thanks to the analysis, managers can identify the facts of irrational use of the organization’s temporary resources and their causes. Moreover, among all circumstances, the main, most unfavorable ones are established.
A necessary element in a time management system is goal setting. Managers should clearly understand why time management is necessary for the enterprise. The formulation of goals in the future allows you to navigate the methods of time management.
In the course of planning, a list of tasks is compiled, for the solution of which a certain period of time is assigned. For the proper implementation of the functions, the manager must clearly understand how much temporary resources he has.
Analysis Features
The first step in optimizing the organization’s temporary resources should be to evaluate their current use. It allows you to detect losses, weaknesses and strengths of the labor regime. Such an analysis is especially necessary when significant time resources are spent at the enterprise, and the effect of this is minimal. It is also important in cases where the manager does not know how long it takes to complete certain production operations, what factors can stimulate or limit labor productivity.
To perform the analysis, it is necessary to organize a system of reliable accounting of temporary resources of the enterprise. The most effective method today is keeping records in special journals or on computers. In the latter case, you can use a variety of programs to optimize accounting. Consumption of time resources can be reflected in the tables. The following information must be provided in them:
- Kind of activity.
- Duration of operations.
It is best to keep records of the course of employment.
Questions for analysis
To determine the strengths and weaknesses of spending time resources, you should establish:
- Was the work done necessary for the company? If it turns out that more than 10% of the time was used inappropriately, then the company has a problem with proper prioritization.
- Were the costs of time resources justified? If time wasted to be unjustified in more than 10% of cases, it is necessary to understand and analyze the reasons for this and take into account the results in the future.
- Was the interval for the implementation of production tasks reasonably determined? If more than 10% of the time was spent on tasks for which the interval was set spontaneously, then the company has poorly organized time planning.
Such an analysis makes it possible to identify "time thieves", to establish various errors in the expenditure of temporary resources, their causes. Based on the results obtained, methods are developed for optimizing the entire production process and operations carried out by specific employees.
Basic principles of planning
As practice shows, it is more advisable to plan only part of the work (60%). Processes that are difficult to predict, distractions are completely impossible to plan. This is due to the specifics of the manager. The fact is that most of the time the manager does not spend directly at the workplace, since it is necessary to interact with contractors and other entities, exchange information.
It is necessary to leave a certain amount of time as a reserve. It will be needed to work with unexpected customers, phone calls, force majeure.
In order to draw up an effective plan, it is necessary to clearly present forthcoming goals. It is advisable to differentiate them into long-, medium- and short-term, to identify priorities.
It is necessary to work on any plan consistently, systematically and regularly. A started business should always be brought to its logical conclusion.
It is necessary to plan such a list of tasks that the company can really cope with, taking into account its potential, production assets (including material and monetary).
The concept of temporary resources is a program according to which an enterprise can optimize its work without any particular losses. As one of the mandatory activities, it involves fixing the results, not actions. The plans should reflect the goals or outcomes, and not some operations. This is necessary so that the company's efforts are immediately focused on achieving goals, rational spending of project time resources. This will allow the company to unscheduled events.
Replenishment of temporary losses is best done immediately. For example, it’s more advisable to work longer once, than to finish something over the next day.
As practice shows, it takes as much time to work as it is available. In this regard, it is necessary to establish exact standards, provide for such terms in the plan that are really necessary.
It is advisable to periodically recheck and recycle the plan, evaluating the possibility of complete fulfillment of tasks.
Equally important when planning is the coordination of the modes of work of different employees.
Nuances
Planning should be focused on achieving long-term goals. They, in turn, should be divided into operational parts. Planning secures the gradual advancement, the decomposition of the main tasks into private ones. This allows you to distribute different operations in time.
Before developing methods to eliminate the causes of loss of time, it is necessary to identify and analyze them. It should be understood that for typical factors, there are typical methods of struggle. Nevertheless, each individual case is individual, so an appropriate approach will be needed.
The specifics of task differentiation
As mentioned above, when planning it is important to divide goals and objectives into groups:
- Long term. This category includes tasks and goals, the implementation of which is carried out in stages. In other words, to achieve a long-term goal, intermediate tasks must be completed.
- Medium-term. They are also called tactical. Such tasks should be implemented in the near future, but not urgently.
- Short-term (current or operational).
Differentiating goals for the first time is quite difficult. But if separation is constantly practiced, then later it will be possible to single out brief and lingering tasks and goals, to identify the most rational methods of achievement.
Schedule
A well-designed work schedule will help achieve not only medium-term, but also long-term goals. In addition to optimizing the expenditure of temporary resources of the project, the correct daily routine allows you to keep the mental state of the team normal. After all, if each employee has a clear and consistent plan, he will feel more confident. There will be no sensation that he does not have time for something, that he is distracted by something, etc.
The main directions of optimizing the use of time are:
- Ensuring uniform loading of the employee.
- Workplace equipment with necessary items and equipment.
- Ensuring a continuous workflow.
- Justification of labor costs.
- Improving production methods and techniques.
- Attracting employees to activities in accordance with their qualifications.
- Establishing adequate wages.
Time inventory
It involves a quantitative accounting of the duration of various activities. Typically, an inventory is carried out over a specific period and at certain intervals. In accordance with the results obtained, an analysis of time costs is carried out. The simplest method is to calculate absolute or relative spending by activity. In a more complex analysis, arbitrary coefficients reflecting the qualitative indicators of time spending can be used. With a large amount of information, mathematical and statistical methods are used.
Most of the analytical techniques used in the inventory, but later they can be used as tools for planning operational and strategic time, monitoring the implementation of tasks.
Inventory algorithm
In general terms, it can be represented as follows:
- Preparation for the procedure.
- Conducting an inventory.
- Analysis.
- Adjustment of management strategy.
Preparatory stage
It consists of the following steps:
- Determination of types of time costs, their clear formulation in the form of categories independent for accounting and observation.
- Determination of additional parameters of a qualitative assessment.
- Planning the organization of the inventory process. It is necessary to establish the total duration, frequency, and amount of resources. It is also necessary to think over a system for quantitative reflection of results, coding of indicators, and production of accounting forms.
Inventory
The procedure is also carried out in several stages:
- During the established time period, costs are recorded in the prepared forms.
- The data obtained are pre-grouped and prepared for subsequent analysis. In particular, the assessment of qualitative parameters is carried out, quantitative indicators are calculated.
Processing received data
Analysis of time costs can be carried out in different directions. For example, an assessment of the expenditure of resources on:
- The main activity. Indicators are determined in accordance with operations, tasks, etc.
- Non-business activities.
- Interference at work.
The manager can choose the volumes and directions of analysis arbitrarily in accordance with the scope of the goals set during the inventory.
The result of the analysis is formulated based on the objectives of the study. It can be just descriptions of the time spent, their regularities, the forecast of changes in the time management system when it affects any of its elements, etc.
A typical result of the study is the establishment of patterns that are associated with the efficiency (or inefficiency) of the use of temporary resources.
In accordance with the obtained indicators, methods and ways of dealing with temporary losses are developed.
Strategy change
A new time management method is developed on the basis of an analysis of methods and ways of dealing with temporary losses, methods of more efficient use of a resource at the stage of formulating goals and planning. The manager must coordinate the tasks and goals that are expected to be achieved when implementing the strategy with the plan for the implementation of the main production tasks. All inconsistencies found should be resolved. If necessary, the strategy of the enterprise is revised.
Concept of time value of cash resources
Its author is I. Fisher, a representative of the neoclassical economic school.
As you know, the same amount at different times can have different values. Today, for example, it can be more expensive than in 3 years. There are a number of reasons for the disparity in the money received in different time periods. Among them, the main ones are:
- Inflation.
- Risk of non-receipt of expected amounts.
- Asset turnover, which is understood as the ability of money to generate income at an acceptable rate for the investor.
Financial resources based on money have a temporary value. It is considered in 2 aspects:
- Purchasing power. It varies depending on the period, consumer interests and other circumstances.
- Circulation of capital and profit from this income. The task of money is to bring money. At the same time, upcoming receipts will be of less value than real ones.
Rush
Very often, it leads to a loss of time. Hurry is a condition in which the head of the enterprise does not have the opportunity to ponder the decision for a long time. As a result, he chooses the first technique that comes to mind. Often this option is far from the most effective and appropriate.
Being in this state, it is difficult for a person to adequately assess what is happening, to perform work qualitatively. In a hurry, various errors arise that begin to annoy, become the causes of a bad mood. As a result, a person in general can lose his temper, quit business, without bringing it to completion.
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Conclusion
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