In the work of a general practitioner, patients are often found who complain of pain in the heart, interruptions in the heartbeat, and numerous disturbances in the work of other organs. An objective examination of such patients, instrumental studies and laboratory analyzes show a very small number of disease symptoms, which complicates the diagnosis of VVD.
Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a functional disease, which is manifested by various changes on the part of the cardiovascular, respiratory system, autonomic disorders and general asthenization of the patient. With this disease, patients note poor tolerance to stressful situations and increased physical exertion. The change in state has a wave-like course with periods of exacerbation and remissions. With VVD, cardiomegaly and heart failure do not develop , so the disease does not lead to the development of complications and has a good prognosis.
The etiology of this disease is not precisely established. VVD is a polyetiological disease. Currently, we can only talk about the probable causes of the development of the disease. Predisposing to the development of dystonia is poor socio-economic conditions, hormonal changes in the body, hereditary-constitutional features.
The clinical signs of VVD are very diverse, which often complicates the diagnosis of the disease. Patients often complain of a variety of pains in the heart, which can be of a different nature, duration and severity. Complaints from the side of the heart during VVD are usually accompanied by anxiety, anxiety, weakness, and decreased mood. Paroxysmal pain is accompanied by autonomic disorders, which are manifested by a feeling of lack of air, palpitations, sweating. Some patients complain of frequent shallow breathing, perceived by patients as shortness of breath, the appearance of a desire to take deep breaths from time to time.
Patients complain of palpitations, a feeling of increased heart contractions. Heartbeats are provoked by emotional stress, physical work, eating food.
In most patients, asthenia can be detected in the form of a feeling of weakness, constant fatigue, and a decrease in working capacity.
Patients with VSD tolerate temperature changes very poorly. They feel bad in the heat and in the cold.
The complications of the disease include the development of vegetative-vascular crises. This happens mainly at night, they are manifested by a feeling of lack of air, trembling, chills, profuse sweating, severe dizziness. This condition continues for several minutes or two to three hours. The crisis is stopped by taking sedatives.
Diagnosis of the IRR
The diagnosis of VVD is based on the identification of the symptoms encountered in this disease, and the exclusion of diseases that have similar symptoms. Since the clinical picture of vegetative-vascular dystonia contains symptoms typical of many diseases, the following symptoms are distinguished, excluding the diagnosis of VVD:
- change in the size of the heart;
- the presence of diastolic noise;
- determination on the ECG of signs of focal changes in the myocardium;
- symptoms of congestive heart failure;
- indicators of violation of immunological reactivity.
The differential diagnosis of VVD includes the exclusion of the following diseases:
- coronary heart disease;
- infectious and allergic myocarditis;
- rheumatism and acquired heart diseases of rheumatic etiology;
- cardiomyopathies.
Treatment of VVD is predominantly symptomatic. Of great importance is the normalization of lifestyle, restorative measures and the exclusion of exposure to the body of factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Of the medicines prescribed sedatives, tranquilizers, beta-blockers, antidepressants.