A ramp is called an inclined plane for lowering and raising vehicles. In some houses, the adaptation is necessary, since it facilitates the access of disabled people and strollers with babies. Not every entrance has this thing, but it can be installed. The law has rules that must be considered when installing a ramp for prams in the stairwell. Read more about this procedure in the article.
What does the law say?
On what basis can I install a ramp for prams in the entrance? The law contains this right. In Art. 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation says about the equality of human rights and freedoms, as well as the prohibition of social and other discrimination. All citizens can use the premises on a common basis, whatever their health may be. This is recorded in the Federal Law “On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation”. In Art. 15 and 16 it is said that people with disabilities have the right of access to social infrastructure: housing, public buildings, cultural organizations.
It is the duty of the authorities to ensure the conditions by which a person with disabilities can visit any premises. In case of violation of this right, liability is provided. In the regions there are local documents establishing the freedom of movement of persons with disabilities. According to special standards, the design, construction and reconstruction of premises is carried out.
General information
A ramp or exit is a device fixed on steps. Thanks to this device, people in wheelchairs move freely up and down. The product also helps to transport prams, luggage on wheels, and bicycles.
There are 2 types of ramps:
- Cast. He is considered stationary, solid. There may not be a grab bar if the product is small.
- Hinged. The device includes 2 metal strips, between which there are steps. It can be folding or welded.
There are devices that vary in size. They can be 2 or 3 sections. Cast products are suitable for wheelchairs and prams. Installation must be carried out by specialists; they must be mounted according to safety standards. Mounting without compliance is considered illegal. In this case, a fine is imposed, and the product is dismantled.
Actions
The installation of a ramp for prams in the entrance requires the support of authorities. This requires the will of at least one person, but a collective application is much better. For example, mothers who are not easy to lower their strollers can apply for. And if the house is multi-storey, then it becomes even more difficult.
An application for the installation of a ramp for prams in the entrance must be submitted to the Housing Office or the management company. It is made up in the name of the chief in 2 copies. It is important to write about the installation of the device in a particular entrance. References to laws must be identified.
You can attach a photo of the stairs where you want to install a convenient thing for prams and wheelchairs. The appeal is sent by registered mail or manually. Then we should expect an answer. The law states that applications are considered 30 days. During this time, a decision is made, which is executed in writing. If it is positive, then within a few days there is a ramp for strollers in the entrance.
Is self-installation possible?
In apartment buildings, you can not install a ramp yourself. Installation of the product is carried out according to technical standards. Permits are also required for the item itself and installation. These issues are regulated by the management of the organization that performs the entrance service.
If the installation standards of the device were not observed, then it is necessary to disassemble. The main person will be responsible. In this situation, the fine will be up to 50 thousand rubles.
Resolution
Since 2013, the Housing Code has been amended by requiring permission for 2/3 of residents to install a ramp for prams in the stairwell. It is necessary to draw up an application and submit it to the Housing Office.
The operation of the porch and the entrance is considered the responsibility of the TSK. The application is drawn up on the head of the institution. The document includes installation explanations.
Complaints
Refusal to install a ramp for wheelchairs, as well as for children may be due to a narrow span - less than 2.5 meters. After all, then it will be difficult for other people to pass. Then a folding ramp is needed at the entrance.
If the appeal has not been approved, you must write a statement of violation of rights. The document should be submitted to the housing inspectorate, prosecutor's office or consumer protection institution. You can appeal against the inaction of any persons in court. If the decision does not suit you, you can file a complaint with the district court. The contest is carried out throughout the month. The complaint goes to the city court. If you miss this deadline, a statement is made with this request. Then a decision is made to install the structure. What are the dimensions of the ramp? The length is 50 cm - 4 m. 1-3 sections may be present. The size of the ramp should be such that the passage of the stroller is free.
Ramps
Often ramps are mounted in the porches. Mounts are steps. Channel bars and runners, as well as a monolithic surface, can be used. Before installing, it is important to consider how much the flight of stairs will decrease. If this is a residential building, then there must be at least 90 cm of free space for passage.
Hinged mount
The ramp for prams (for children and for disabled people) may not be stationary, but folding. It is chosen with a ladder width of less than 160 cm. The product will be convenient for movement. The design benefits include:
- Installation on any stairs. If there is no place near the wall, the product is mounted on steps and rails.
- Function as stationary models, it is only necessary to translate into an open position.
- When closed, the product does not interfere.
- Operation is simple: it takes no more than 10-15 seconds to open and close.
- Light weight.
- In the manufacture of galvanized steel, so the device looks original. The material is reliable and does not require special care.
Often fasten runners with dimensions of 40 x 190 x 40. Since the product is better than the classic, it can be used for various children's vehicles.
Installation
How to install a ramp in the entrance? The following rules are important:
- As a material, ceramic tiles should not be taken, since it is slippery. It is necessary to choose it on the basis of the fastening area, since in all places the operating conditions differ. Parallel handrails without sharp edges should be present. The angle of the product is needed no more than 8 degrees.
- If a stationary product is selected, then a platform should be in front of it. Only then will the movement be safe.
- Mandatory presence of handrails, which simplify the descent process.
- Installation is carried out according to SNIP, which will protect against injury.
During the manufacture of the product, one must take into account that for strollers the ramp will be installed or for disabled vehicles. When designing, it is important to remember all important factors, including the angle of attachment.
Norms
To ensure that the design is of high quality, it must be observed during its installation. They are indicated in SNIP 35-01-2001. The rules are as follows:
- The installation of the device is needed if the height difference is more than 4 cm.
- It is important that the angle of inclination is 5 degrees.
- The ramp should match the wheelchairs used and include platforms, handrails.
- If it is technically impossible to install the product at an angle of 5 degrees, then you can mount it at 10.
- Nothing should complicate the exit and entry from the ramp.
- If it is possible to install a double-sided product, then the width of the ramp should be 180 cm. This will ensure the comfort of travel of many types of transport. And the width of the one-way ramp is 90 cm.
- If the width of the product is more than 300 cm, it is important to have a handrail, which is installed in the middle.
Installation requirements
If the length of the product is more than 9 meters, then equipment that has an intermediate platform should be designed. This allows a person to relax in the middle of the stairs. In this case, it is important to adhere to the following rules:
- If the product is straight, it should have a platform 90 cm wide and 140 cm long.
- If the ramp is rotated, then the platform should be square (with sides of 140 cm).
- With a two-way device, the width should be 140 cm, and the length should be 150.
- If the rotation is 180 degrees, then the width is 150 cm and the length is 180.
- The site should have a rectangular shape.
The handrail is considered a mandatory part of the ramp, which helps to move around without help. Handrails should be paired or single, as well as with different heights.
According to modern regulatory documents, builders must design and install structures in new buildings. If the house was built long ago, then you can always apply for the installation of a ramp. Apartment buildings are individual, they have their own characteristics. Therefore, it is often impossible to install a ramp in a standard way. There is a need to design custom ramps.
Often in the houses are mounted channels. But this is an impractical option, since the width of the channel is small, and the design of the stroller has narrow front wheels. A ramp is a necessary device, but its installation should not impede the passage of ordinary people to its housing.
Fencing
Mandatory the presence of fences that serve as protection against injuries. Traveling with this item will be safe. Wheelchair ramps, as well as baby strollers, are usually located in social and administrative buildings.
In offices and companies, the product is also attached, as customers may be with disabilities. During installation, it is important to consider that the guards must fit a regular wheelchair. In this case, the rise of different vehicles will be convenient.
Social protection
The law provides for the protection of citizens, so they can contact a special body on this issue. There should be a statement. It is necessary to attach a rehabilitation program for the disabled person, which states that the person needs a wheelchair.
After registration of the application, a petition is submitted to a higher authority. Usually, employees come to create photos of the entrance. Based on this, a decision is made whether a ramp is required. If the decision is positive, builders are sent to install the disabled ramp.
Work coordination
During installation, it is better to be present at home. For this, it is important to coordinate the builders coming, so that measurements are taken with interested people. The law allows the installation of a universal product.
It is necessary to control what the slope will be. It should be flat, sloping. The design is set according to the norms. It is important that the door opens well.
Entrance Rules
The law defines the rules for maintaining the entrance. Residents pay for utilities, so it is important that the entrance corresponds to some requirements. All systems must be operational. The room must be clean. All faulty change. The temperature should be +16 degrees.
Repair is carried out if necessary. In case of accidents, residents turn to the dispatch service. The law specifies the rules by which housing is considered unsuitable for living. Decisions on these issues are made by the city commission.
Acceptance of work
All types of work, including the installation of ramps, should be carried out under control. During this period, other objects should not be affected. Garbage is then taken out per day. In case of violations, residents can contact the management company, and the housing inspection also helps. After that, acceptance is appointed. The disadvantages are eliminated in a short time.
The presence of the executor, employees of the management company, chairman, inspector is important. It is necessary to draw up an act of acceptance of work. You must make sure that everything is fully executed. All aspects are included in the document. After that, the construction is completed.
Ramps are everywhere: at stations, in shops, hospitals. With them you can freely roll a wheelchair or pram.
The product must have a handrail made of durable materials to increase the life of the product. Their edges should not be dangerous. Refusal to install is considered a violation of the rights of a citizen, therefore, authorities usually allow the installation of this important device.