Histology is one of the most effective examinations to date, which helps to timely identify all dangerous cells and malignant neoplasms. With the help of a histological examination, it is possible to study in detail all tissues and internal organs of a person. The main advantage of this method is that with its help you can get the most accurate result. In order to study the structure of the kidney, histology is also one of the most effective examinations.
What is histology?
Today, modern medicine offers a wide range of different examinations with which you can establish a diagnosis. But the problem is that many types of studies have their own percentage of error in determining the exact diagnosis. And in this case, histology comes to the rescue as the most accurate research method.
Histology is the study of human tissue material under a microscope. Thanks to this method, a specialist identifies all pathogenic cells or neoplasms that are present in humans. It is worth noting that this method of study is the most effective and accurate at the moment. The histology of a kidney tumor is one of the most effective diagnostic methods.
Methodology for sampling material for histology
As described above, histology is the study of a sample of human material under a microscope.
In order to study the tissue material by the histological method, the following manipulations are performed.
When a kidney is examined (histology), the drug must be indicated under a specific number.
The test material is immersed in a liquid that increases the density of the sample. The next stage is the paraffin filling of the test sample and its cooling to obtain a solid state. In this form, it is much easier for a specialist to make the thinnest section of a sample for a detailed study. Then, when the process of cutting thin plates is over, all the resulting samples are stained with a specific pigment. And in this form, the tissue is sent for a detailed study under a microscope. When examining a special form, the following is indicated: "kidney, histology, preparation No. ..." (a specific number is assigned).
In general, the process of preparing a sample for histology requires not only increased attention, but also high professionalism from all laboratory specialists. It is worth noting that carrying out such a study requires a week of time.
In some cases, when the situation is urgent and urgent histology of a human kidney is required , laboratory assistants can resort to an express test. In this case, the collected material is pre-frozen before cutting the sample. The minus from such manipulation is that the results will be less accurate. A rapid test is only suitable for detecting tumor cells. In this case, the number and staging of the disease must be studied separately.
Methods of sampling analysis for histology
If the blood supply to the kidney is impaired, histology is also the most effective research method. There are several ways to carry out this manipulation. In this case, it all depends on the preliminary diagnosis that was made to the person. It is important to understand that tissue sampling for histology is a very important procedure that helps to get the most accurate answer.
How is a kidney section performed (histology)?
The needle is inserted through the skin under the strict control of instruments. Open method - kidney material is taken during surgery. For example, during the removal of a tumor or when a person has only one kidney. Urethroscopy - this method is used for children or pregnant women. Urethroscopic sampling is indicated if there are stones in the renal pelvis.
The trans-jugular technique is used in cases where a person suffers from bleeding disorders, is overweight, with respiratory failure or with congenital defects of the kidneys (kidney cyst). Histology is produced in various ways. Each case is considered by a specialist individually, according to the characteristics of the human body. More detailed information about such manipulations can only be provided by a qualified doctor. It should be noted that you should only contact experienced doctors, do not forget the fact that this manipulation is quite dangerous. A doctor without experience can do a lot of harm.
How is the procedure for collecting material for histology of the kidneys?
A procedure such as histology of the kidneys is performed by a specialist in a particular office or in the operating room. In general, this manipulation takes about half an hour under local anesthesia. But in some cases, if there is a doctor’s testimony, general anesthesia is not used, sedative drugs can replace it, under the action of which the patient can follow all the doctor’s instructions.
What exactly are they doing?
The histology of the kidneys is as follows. A person is laid on a hospital couch face down, while placing a special roller under his stomach. If the kidney was previously transplanted in a patient, then the person should lie on his back. During histology, a specialist throughout the manipulation controls the pulse and pressure of the patient. The doctor conducting this procedure processes the place where the needle is planned to be inserted, then injects pain relief. It is worth noting that, in general, during such manipulation, painful sensations are minimized. As a rule, the manifestation of pain largely depends on the general condition of the person, as well as on how correctly and professionally the histology of the kidneys was performed. Since almost all possible risks of complications are associated only with the professionalism of the doctor.
A small incision is made in the area of ​​the kidneys, then a specialist inserts a thin needle into the resulting hole. It is worth noting that this procedure is safe, since the whole process is controlled by ultrasound. When the needle is inserted, the doctor asks the patient to hold their breath for 40 seconds if the patient is not under local anesthesia.
When the needle penetrates under the skin to the kidney, a person may experience a feeling of pressure. And when a tissue sample is taken directly, a person may hear a small click. The thing is that such a procedure is performed by the spring method, so these sensations should not scare a person.
It is worth noting that in some cases I can inject a certain substance into the patient’s vein, which will show all the most important blood vessels and the kidney itself.
In rare cases, histology of the kidneys can be carried out in two or even three punctures, if the sample is not enough. Well, when the tissue material is taken in the required quantity, the doctor displays the needle, and a bandage is applied to the place where the manipulation was performed.
In what cases can a kidney histology be prescribed?
To study the structure of the human kidney, histology fits perfectly. Relatively few people think that histology is much more accurate than other diagnostic methods. But there are several cases where the histology of the kidneys is a mandatory procedure that can save a person’s life, namely:
- if acute or chronic defects of unknown origin are identified;
- with complex infectious diseases of the urinary tract;
- if blood is detected in the urine;
- with increased uric acid;
- to clarify the defective condition of the kidneys;
- with unstable operation of the kidney, which was previously transplanted;
- to establish the severity of the disease or damage;
- if there is a suspicion of a cyst in the kidney;
- If a malignant neoplasm is suspected in the kidney (kidney cancer), histology is mandatory.
It is important to understand that histology is the most reliable way to identify all kidney pathologies. Using tissue samples, you can establish an accurate diagnosis and determine the severity of the disease. Thanks to this method, a specialist will be able to choose the most effective treatment and prevent all possible complications. This is especially true in cases where the primary results indicate neoplasms appearing in this organ.
What can be the complications when taking material for research?
What you need to know if there is a histology of a kidney tumor? First of all, each person should consider that in some cases complications may develop. The most important risk is damage to the kidney or other organ. However, there are still some risks, namely:
- Possible bleeding. In this case, an urgent blood transfusion is necessary. In rare cases, surgery will be required with further removal of the damaged organ.
- Possible rupture of the lower pole of the kidney.
- In some cases, purulent inflammation of the fatty membrane around the organ itself.
- Bleeding from a muscle.
- If air gets in, pneumothorax may develop.
- Infection of an infectious nature.
It is worth noting that these complications are extremely rare. As a rule, the only negative symptom is a slight fever after a biopsy. In any case, if there is a need for such a procedure, it is better to contact a qualified specialist who has enough experience in conducting such manipulations.
How is the postoperative period?
People who have to undergo this manipulation should know some simple rules of the postoperative period. Follow your doctor's recommendations exactly.
What should a patient know and perform after a histology procedure?
After this manipulation, it is not recommended to get out of bed for six hours. The specialist who performed this procedure should monitor the pulse and pressure of the patient. In addition, it is necessary to check the person’s urine for blood in it. In the postoperative period, the patient should drink a large amount of fluid. For two days after this manipulation, the patient is strictly forbidden to perform any physical exercise. Moreover, physical activity should be avoided for 2 weeks. When a weakening of anesthesia occurs, the person who has undergone such a procedure will experience pain, it can be relieved with a light painkiller. As a rule, if a person did not have any complications, then he can be allowed to return home the same or next day.
It is worth noting that a small amount of blood in the urine may be present during the day after the biopsy. There is nothing wrong with this, so a blood admixture should not scare a person. It is important to understand that there is no alternative to kidney histology. Any other diagnostic method does not provide such accurate and detailed data.
In what cases is it not recommended to perform material sampling for histological examination?
There are several contraindications for the collection of material for research, namely:
- if a person has only one kidney;
- in case of blood coagulation;
- if a person is allergic to novocaine;
- if a tumor was detected in the kidney;
- with renal vein thrombosis;
- with tuberculosis of the kidneys ;
- with renal failure.
If a person suffers from at least one of the aforementioned ailments, then the collection of material for histological examination from the kidneys is strictly prohibited. Since this method has certain risks of developing serious complications.
Conclusion
Modern medicine does not stand still, it is constantly evolving and gives people ever new discoveries that help save human life. These findings include histological examination, it is the most effective today to detect many diseases, including cancerous tumors.