The technical operation of public buildings and structures consists of a set of measures to ensure the functioning and uptime of all their elements and systems for at least the standard period of service of the facility. Functioning is the direct use of a building in accordance with its purpose. Let us further consider the basic requirements and rules for the technical operation of buildings and structures .
General information
Technical operation of buildings and structures includes:
- maintenance;
- sanitary maintenance;
- repair system.
Maintenance includes ensuring compliance with regulatory regimes and design indicators, inspection of building envelopes and load-bearing structures, adjustment of engineering network equipment.
Sanitary maintenance consists in cleaning the premises, the adjacent territory, collecting garbage.
The repair system includes major and current repairs.
Tasks
Measures for the technical operation of buildings and structures are aimed at ensuring:
- uptime of facility structures;
- compliance with appropriate sanitary and hygienic conditions;
- proper operation of engineering equipment;
- increase the level of improvement of the facility;
- performing timely repairs, etc.
Uptime
The duration of continuous operation of structures and systems of construction is different. When establishing regulatory periods, the duration of the trouble-free operation of the main bearing parts, walls, foundations is taken as the basis. The service life of individual elements of an object may be less than the regulatory period provided for the entire building by 2–3 times.
For trouble-free and comfortable operation during the entire operational period, it is necessary to replace systems or components. During the technical operation of buildings and structures , work is carried out on the repeated adjustment and restoration of worn-out engineering equipment.
Structural elements should not be used until complete wear and tear. During the functional use of the facility, work is carried out aimed at compensating for standard wear and tear. Failure to carry out planned work, significant in volume, may lead to premature system failure.
Maintenance
During the technical operation of buildings and structures , work is carried out to maintain parts and elements of the object in good condition, observing operating modes and device parameters.
The maintenance system must ensure the normal functioning of the facility throughout the entire operational period. The frequency of repairs is determined on the basis of an assessment of the condition of the elements and systems of the structure.
As part of the maintenance work is carried out on:
- Maintenance of systems and monitoring their technical condition.
- Preparing for seasonal use of the facility.
- Adjustment of engineering equipment.
Condition monitoring
It is carried out as part of planned and unscheduled inspections using modern technical means.
Routine examinations can be partial or general. During the latter, an inspection of the entire facility as a whole is carried out. Private examinations involve the study of its individual parts.
Unscheduled inspection is carried out after various natural disasters (hurricanes, floods, snowfalls, showers, etc.), accidents and other disasters.
Inspection work
A general examination is performed twice a year: in spring and autumn.
During the spring inspection, the readiness of the facility for operation in the spring and summer is checked, the scope of work is determined to prepare for the use of elements and parts of the structure in the autumn-winter period. In addition, repair activities are being specified.
In the course of preparation:
- Strengthening gutters (pipes, funnels, etc.).
- Depreservation, repair of irrigation systems.
- Repair of equipment for sidewalks, platforms, blind areas, footpaths.
- Inspection of facades, roofs, etc.
During the autumn survey of the object are made:
- Warming of balcony, window openings.
- Replacement of damaged balcony doors, broken glass.
- Warming, repair of attic floors.
- Warming, cleaning, repair of smoke ventilation ducts.
- Glazing, closing dormers in attics.
- Sealing products in the caps.
The frequency of scheduled work is regulated by the Instructions for the technical operation of buildings and structures of the corresponding purpose.
During partial inspections, it is necessary to identify malfunctions and defects that can be eliminated during the period allotted for examination. Failures that impede the normal functioning of the facility are eliminated within the time period specified in the building codes.
Technical journal for the operation of buildings and structures
It is a document reflecting information about the state of the object. A typical magazine sample is given in Appendix 10 to the Regulation on the technical operation of industrial buildings and structures .
The journal should contain information about:
- results of observations of the object and its structural elements;
- periodic technical inspections;
- instrumental observations of precipitation and other deformations of structural elements;
- facts of gross violations of the operating rules and measures to suppress them;
- overhauls carried out (in particular, terms, place, volume and nature of work are indicated);
- reconstruction of the facility.
According to the specified information, it is possible not only to trace the history of the operation of the structure / building, but also to form an idea of its technical condition for a specific period of time. The journal information is used to plan repairs and when filling out defective statements.
The person responsible for maintaining the document is the person who supervises and cares for the property.
The technical journal is filled out in one copy for a separate large building / structure or their group.
Normative regulation
In the Russian Federation, the procedure for technical maintenance of facilities is determined in federal laws and regulations adopted in accordance with them. For example, the technical operation of industrial buildings and structures is regulated by the Regulation POT R O-14000-004-98.
In some countries of the former USSR, similar rules apply. Thus, the Republic of Belarus approved the Technical Code of Good Practice ( TCH) on the technical operation of buildings and structures.
Normative regulation of issues related to the use and operation of facilities is aimed at solving the following problems:
- Ensuring the safety of the population, protecting the property of citizens and organizations, the state and municipalities.
- Preservation of the ecological situation at a favorable level for plants, animals and humans.
- Prevention of misleading owners about the safety of physical parameters and properties of structures / buildings and premises in them.
- Ensuring the effective functioning of facilities.
Repairs
It can be current and planned. Ongoing work should be timely and systematic. They are aimed at restoring the surfaces of elements and structures, eliminating minor defects.
Scheduled repairs are carried out at least 1 time in 3 g. If necessary, work can be done annually. The economic feasibility of frequent repairs is determined by engineers and financiers.
The need for unscheduled work is determined directly during the operation of the facility. It should be noted that delaying or delaying the repair can create a threat to the health / life of workers (if the building is industrial) or residents (if the house is residential).
Overhaul
It can be of 2 types: selective and complex. In the latter case, all worn-out elements, equipment, and engineering structures are replaced.
In case of selective repair, accordingly, work is carried out in relation to individual parts of the facility. During its implementation, some structures may be reinforced.
Destructive factors
During the operation of the facility must be considered:
- External influence. Deformations and damages can be the result of industrial or natural disasters, the influence of climatic conditions (constant wind, high humidity, low temperatures).
- The life cycle of an object. Each building has its own life. It ends with the demolition of the object.
Of no small importance for the effective functioning of the building is the indoor microclimate. A random combination of temperature and humidity can lead to the destruction of materials, disruption of their adhesion to each other.