Vaccination in Russia is a topic that interests many parents. Especially it concerns dads and mothers with newborn babies. Vaccinations are a serious intervention in the body's immune system. Therefore, there is always a risk of complications after the procedure.
However, the likelihood of becoming seriously ill is much more dangerous than the complication after vaccination. Some diseases are fatal even in our age of space technology, so it is better not to refuse vaccinations. Parents who think otherwise are very risking their babies' lives. In this article we will provide a list of childhood vaccinations included in the national vaccination calendar in Russia. When and from what to make them? What can happen after this or that injection? Should I get vaccinated? Even a person without a medical education can understand all this.
Required or not
First, find out whether it is necessary to vaccinate children in kindergarten, school, and in the clinic. Or is it the right of parents?
In Russia, there is no compulsory vaccination. There is only a national vaccination calendar. It indicates vaccines recommended for use to protect the baby, but if desired, the legal representatives of the minor can completely or partially refuse the procedures. It is allowed to transfer the vaccination schedule at the request of the parents. Sometimes this happens involuntarily. For example, due to the presence of medical contraindications in the child.
Vaccinations for children, like adults, ideally should be done according to the established schedule. Next, we will consider used in our country, and also talk about when they need to be administered to the child.
List of vaccinations on the national calendar
Let's see what diseases they are trying to actively combat today, that is, what they vaccinate against in general according to the national vaccination calendar. Only after that we will study each vaccination separately.
Today in Russia vaccinated in the "mandatory" order from:
- Polio
- Tuberculosis.
- Hepatitis B.
- Whooping cough.
- Diphtheria.
- Tetanus.
- Mumps.
- Rubella
- Corey.
These are mandatory childhood vaccinations, which doctors try to do for every child. Some vaccines are developed for each disease separately, but there are those that are part of the same solution in the syringe. This is a normal occurrence. Combined vaccines help the body immediately develop immunity to various diseases.
In the hospital
The first childhood vaccinations in Russia are given to newborns in the maternity hospital. You can refuse them, but then the legal representatives of the baby (parents, guardians) will have to go to the local children's clinic for vaccination. This takes a lot of time and effort, and the stay of a newborn in the clinic sometimes leads to the fact that he becomes ill. Indeed, in medical institutions, healthy babies are far from always in line.
In the maternity hospital in the first 24 hours of life, a newborn is vaccinated against hepatitis B. This is the first vaccination. Ideally, it is carried out after a blood test. Healthy newborns with the vaccine will not have problems.
Next, the baby is given a vaccine against tuberculosis - BCG. This is the “injection” that is done on the shoulder. In certain circumstances, BCG-M attenuated vaccine is used.
Inoculate from tuberculosis on 3-5 days of life. In some cases, vaccination is carried out on the 7th day of the baby's life, but no later than discharge from the hospital.
Hepatitis B
Now we will consider children's vaccinations and the schedule for their formulation in more detail. Let's start with the very first vaccine - against hepatitis B. It has already been said that the first vaccination is carried out on the first day of a newborn’s life. But that is not all.
The second vaccination is given at 1 month, the third - at 6. After this, booster vaccination is not carried out. It is generally accepted that the body develops immunity to hepatitis B. Therefore, the child will not get sick or suffer a mild ailment.
At-risk babies (such as premature babies) almost always change their vaccination schedule. So, hepatitis B vaccine is given to them at 24 hours of life, at 1, 2 and at 12 months. This ends the booster.
Tuberculosis
Compulsory vaccinations in Russia are recommended by the national vaccination calendar. It is impossible to force such actions by parents and children on the territory of the Russian Federation. However, doctors are trying to use their position to put pressure on parents about vaccination issues.
The second childhood vaccine is BCG. It is about vaccination against tuberculosis. The first "injection" is put on 3-7 days of life. Then carry out revaccination - at 7, 14, 21, 28 years.
In all cases, the drug is injected into the shoulder. Doctors claim that after the introduction of the vaccine, the risks of contracting tuberculosis are almost zero. At the injection site, a small seal may appear over time, which will independently disappear, and a small scar will remain in its place.
Important: children after 12 months are given a Mantoux test before being vaccinated against tuberculosis. With negative diagnostic indicators, vaccination can be carried out.
Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus
Vaccinations for children are given in large quantities by age. And so remembering the vaccination schedule can be problematic.
There is a vaccine for pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus. In Russia, mainly combined vaccination is used. It allows you to protect the body from three diseases at once.
Children's vaccination with DTP (Russian-made) or Infanrix (imported) is placed in:
- 3 months.
- 4 months.
- 5 months.
- 1.5 years.
- 6-7 years old.
- 14 years.
- 18 years.
According to this schedule, vaccination and revaccination are carried out. Many children have side effects from the domestic drug. That is why many parents use Infanrix.
Important: changing the drug after at least one vaccination is not recommended. If the child has already been vaccinated with DTP, it is better to complete the vaccination and revaccination with the drug that was originally used.
Polio
The national vaccination calendar does not end there. Today, parents are advised to give an “injection” of polio. This disease has many complications, so it is difficult to tolerate. Therefore, it is better to play it safe.
A childhood polio vaccine is given for the first time in 3 months. Next, the child is given a vaccine at 4-5 and at 6 months.
Revaccination is carried out at 1.5 years, 20 months and 14 years. Usually the vaccine is well tolerated, but the baby may experience fatigue, irritability and tearfulness. Body temperature can also be a couple of days elevated.
Measles, rubella, mumps
We came to the last conditionally mandatory vaccination. This is a measles, rubella and mumps vaccine. These diseases are often found in young children. In adulthood, getting sick with them is problematic, but possible.
To protect the baby from measles, mumps and rubella, you need to be vaccinated at 1 year and at the age of 6 years. There should be no more booster shots.
Additionally, children are vaccinated against rubella in 13-14 years. This is extremely important for girls. Rubella can cause huge problems for them (especially during pregnancy).
Important: immunity to rubella can develop for 10-20 years. It all depends on the body's immune system.
Hemophilic infection
Recently, in Russia, vaccination against hemophilic infection has been included in the national vaccination calendar. When is it carried out?
Doctors recommend an appropriate childhood vaccine at 3, 4-5, 6, and 18 months. Revaccination is usually carried out at 1.5 years. Most parents are still skeptical of such innovations. Therefore, not everyone vaccinates children from hemophilic infection.
Meningococcal infection
The following vaccine is needed to protect the child from meningococcus. This "injection" is not yet included in the list of obligatory ones, but they began to think more and more often about such an undertaking.
From meningococcus, it is customary to vaccinate children after 18 months. Up to this point, the baby can be vaccinated if there are patients with meningococcus in the family. Some types of imported vaccines (combined) are given only after 2 years.
Chickenpox and vaccination
It's hard to believe, but today you can find a childhood vaccine for chickenpox. Some claim that chickenpox is a serious illness with a host of consequences. In adulthood, you can get sick with it in a very serious form.
To protect the child from chickenpox, you can give him the appropriate vaccination. It is not included in the national vaccination calendar of the Russian Federation; it is done at the request of the parents.
Ideally, the vaccine is administered after 2 years. In Russia, doctors can offer to vaccinate against chickenpox as early as 12 months of a child's life. This is quite normal.
Possible consequences
Any vaccination is an intervention in the body. When it is carried out, weakened cells of a particular infection are introduced. They are usually not enough to infect the body, but enough to produce antibodies.
Almost any vaccination has a number of side effects. Most often among them are:
- Temperature rise.
- Moodiness.
- Drowsiness.
- Allergic reactions.
- Quincke's edema.
- Headache.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting
Often, such symptoms do not provide any treatment. All side effects go away on their own in a few days.
Only in exceptional cases, vaccination leads to infection of a person with the disease from which he was vaccinated, or to death or serious post-vaccination complications. Therefore, it is worth vaccinating only children who are healthy at the time of the visit to the doctor.
Conclusion
We got acquainted with the list of childhood vaccinations. You can make them in any public medical institution or in a private children's clinic with the appropriate permission. In schools, vaccination is also carried out, but with the permission of the legal representatives of minors.
Is it worth it to get vaccinated? There is no definite answer to this question. The topic must be walked individually. Someone from the vaccination will be worse, someone better. Some initially have antibodies to certain diseases, and once again vaccinating such children is not recommended.
It is important to remember that not a single vaccine 100% protects the body from disease. However, a vaccinated person, if he suddenly becomes ill, will transfer the disease much easier than not vaccinated. Evaluating all the pros and cons, each parent must independently decide on vaccinations for children.