Fire is a combustion process that has a negative impact on human health and the environment. Fire safety - a program with specific conditions and requirements aimed at preventing fire. In case of its appearance, the necessary activities are carried out.
Basic principles of fire safety
Compliance with fire safety rules in any room is one of the main measures that should guarantee a person the protection of his health and life. Therefore, all residents, in particular citizens of Russia, are protected by the relevant state organizations under the control of current legislation.
There are certain norms and rules of fire safety at the workplace:
- The organization provides guarantees to protect human health and life.
- Development of a specific and detailed program established by law.
- Permission to start work only after being instructed in the fire safety rules.
Control over the implementation of the functioning fire laws is carried out by state employees and local authorities.
Reasons for the appearance
Fires can occur for several reasons. One of them is the improper handling of fire. Accordingly, non-compliance with fire safety laws. Ignorance of the order of actions of employees in case of fire detection leads to trouble. Accidents caused by an explosion or fire can cause serious social and economic problems. Often the cause of ignition is the ignition of explosive substances during transportation. In addition, even those substances that are not combustible are considered unsafe. Also, fires may occur during the passage of hostilities.
Thus, in order to prevent fire, you need to find out the cause of its occurrence.
First actions in case of fire in the building
Some people in case of fire do not cause protection, but begin to solve the problem on their own, but they only take time from specialists. The order of action of employees in case of fire should be as follows:
- Take a look around. If nothing threatens people's lives, they must call the fire department by calling a special number.
- In the event that this is a house or apartment, residents who cannot independently leave the danger zone (small children, disabled people, elderly people) should be helped to evacuate if possible.
- It must be remembered that when ignited, toxic substances are released, therefore it is advisable to leave this room as soon as possible.
Therefore, the order of action in case of fire of an employee of an enterprise is necessary in order to eliminate the cause of fire and prevent fire.
Regulations. Job descriptions
The order of actions of employees in case of fire should be described in special documents, the main of which is the evacuation plan and the corresponding instruction, which details the necessary measures for people during a fire. Registration of such papers is considered necessary, especially if at least 10 people work on the spot. Otherwise, admission to the performance of official duties will be prohibited.
No less important is a pre-designed project, which not only provides for the order of actions of workers in case of fire, but also includes the holding of regular fire-fighting measures.
One of the main conditions for observing fire safety is the preparation of a general instruction for the entire facility, on the territory of which several documents are contained at once. Each of them is related to a specific problem:
- building security;
- alarm health;
- fire fighting plan for a certain building, construction.
The above papers must comply with the rules and be in all structural divisions of the enterprise.
Who is responsible
The legislation established that the person who is responsible for fire safety at the enterprise is directly the head himself, as well as an employee who is specially appointed to perform duties in this direction. He should know his work well, the requirements of which are:
- working experience at the enterprise for at least 3 years;
- official confirmation of the position by the enterprise management.
Another necessary condition, according to which a person can work in this specialty, is the mandatory passage of training courses. Their duration, as a rule, is about 72 hours. The program includes not only mastering the main material, but also gaining knowledge on how to provide first aid, studying the main features of labor protection and the procedure for workers in case of fire.
Responsibilities of the fire safety officer
The number of obligations that a person responsible for fire safety must fulfill includes:
- Providing instruction without fail.
- Control over the employees of the enterprise and their compliance with all conditions and rules established by law.
- Verification of all necessary documents, which should not only be with the management, but also with other persons responsible for the actions of employees in case of fire
- Passing training and certification of fire service personnel.
- Preparation of basic documentation, which includes the availability of job descriptions and an evacuation plan.
A large list of obligations imposed by applicable law on the responsible employee of this organization is an indicator of how much attention is paid to problems associated with the provision of fire safety conditions.
How should an employee work during a fire
Each employee of the enterprise, when the first signs of burning appear, must know the instructions that describe the procedure for workers in case of fire. What needs to be done?
- Urgently inform the fire department about the danger by phone or radio.
- Turn on the signal of the fire device.
- Tell about what is happening to the authorities.
- Proceed to the evacuation of people.
- If necessary, turn off electrical energy.
- Carry out fire extinguishing using the means available in the building.
The procedure for the employee in case of fire is as follows:
- In connection with the situation, organize safe exit routes.
- Eliminate the cause that can cause people to panic.
- Proceed with the evacuation of nearby people, starting from the room where the fire appeared.
- Open all rooms to eliminate the likelihood of people in a dangerous place.
The head is obliged not only to control the actions of the employee of the enterprise, but also to fulfill all the requirements, according to the fire safety instructions.
Security objectives
The main objective of fire safety is to prevent a fire. To do this, you need to know the order of action of the organization’s employees in case of fire. For this purpose, the most effective methods and methods are selected taking into account productivity and scientific and technical feasibility.
In addition to carrying out preventive actions, the main issues in the field of fire safety are resolved through the development, installation and further use of various devices for detecting smoke and fire, and protecting them from their effects on the human body. By law, it is allowed to use not only mechanical equipment, but also the main fire extinguishing methods.
One of the main actions of the employee in case of fire is to quickly identify the source of ignition. And also inform all people who are in this room. However, first of all, it is necessary to inform the fire department about the current situation, whose purpose is to extinguish the flame. Equipment that is used for these purposes must comply with all requirements established by applicable regulations.
Enterprise Requirements
All enterprises (according to the law) may accept or refrain from the services of fire brigade employees. They can always get information from the authorities on all issues related to fire safety.
The requirements for enterprises and organizations are as follows:
- Comply with the fire safety conditions established by law and its residents.
- To tell the staff about the methods of a high degree of protection and methods of extinguishing the flame at the initial stage and not only.
- Combine work with the activities of the fire department and create personal organizations with people who can be responsible and keep the situation under control.
- To do everything possible in order to extinguish the fire, providing the necessary funds and materials.
To prevent a fire in every house, apartment, as well as in any enterprise, an evacuation plan is required. It must be carefully designed and thought out so that in the event of an emergency people have the opportunity to leave the building.