In recent years, the environment, social and economic conditions, and the diet of Russian citizens have deteriorated very sharply. As a result, diseases of the musculoskeletal system began to occupy one of the main places. Let us consider in more detail the main mechanism of their formation and basic symptoms.
The musculoskeletal system of a person provides its vertical position. It includes bones, ligaments, muscles and tendons. It is on how well the musculoskeletal system is developed that determines the physique, size and appearance of a person. Any, even a minimal change in a node, will lead to serious and often irreparable disruptions in the functioning of the whole organism.
The most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Arthritis is an inflammation of the joint in which it swells and becomes hot. This process is accompanied by pain, restriction of movement and gradual deformation. The main causes of arthritis are several: frequent hypothermia, trauma and infection by pathogenic bacteria.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammation in which the intervertebral, rib-vertebral, and iliac-sacral joints are affected. In the future, ossification and damage to the spine begin. The disease proceeds in the form of seizures, and the degree of damage can be different. There are several reasons for this. But, as a rule, the main ones are genetic predisposition and advanced age.
Bursitis is an inflammation of the synovial sac - a small, fluid-filled cavity that is located between the bone and tendon in all parts of the body. This disease is the result of a mechanical injury (fall, bruise, sprain, dislocation, and so on) when the musculoskeletal system is affected. The cause can be severe stress, as well as infectious, inflammatory or colds.
Sciatica - pain in the lumbar region, which spreads along the back of the thigh to the foot and lower leg. It occurs due to the fact that the sciatic nerve and its branches are affected, since the two lower intervertebral discs are displaced and worn out. As a result, there is a constant pinching and compression of the nerve roots. The reason for the development of the disease is anything, from stress to mechanical damage.
Osteoporosis is a rarefaction or degeneration of bone tissue. Then its apparent weakening occurs, the musculoskeletal system becomes extremely susceptible to fractures. Bones lose a lot of calcium, becoming fragile and loose. With osteoporosis, the entire skeleton is affected. The main reason for its development is hormonal changes. Moreover, osteoporosis most often affects women older than 45 years.
Osteochondrosis is a degenerative-dystrophic disease of the spine, which is characterized by the defeat of several intervertebral discs, most often in the lumbar and cervical regions. The basis of this process is their drying and decrease in height. The formation of a subsequent hernia is also possible. The main reasons for the formation of osteochondrosis can be a genetic predisposition, mechanical damage (sprain, trauma, displacement and fracture), constant load on the spinal trunk, hormonal and endocrinological disorders, flat feet, scoliosis, developmental anomalies.
Calcaneal spurs are bone growths that form on the calcaneal tubercle or its upper edge. The main reason for their development is mechanical damage, tendon overload and high-heeled walking.