The current form of handball arose thanks to Danish football players at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. It was invented to replace this competition in the winter. The game involves the use of all parts of the body, except the legs, to score the ball into the opponent’s goal.
The homeland of handball has not been exactly established, since similar games were mentioned in the medieval poems of Walter von der Vogelweide.
The official date of the birth of the “hand ball” game is considered to be 1898. Holger Nielsen, a teacher of physical education at the school in the Danish city of Ordrup, introduced a game called handball, in which teams of 7 people played on a small playing field, throwing a ball to each other friend and trying to get into the opponent’s goal.
Studies of later periods suggest that handball originated even earlier. In 1890, the game of Hazen became popular, which means “throw, throw”, the terms of which are very similar to the rules of handball.
In 1917, Max Heyser combined the handball and the Hazen, creating a new game for women called the “hand ball”.
By 1918, the development of two opposing currents of the game began to be observed: in the east of the Czech Hazen, and in the west and in the north - German handball.
The development of handball as an international sport in 1926 prompted the spread of the game and the emergence of handball clubs in a number of countries.
Match Features
Handball is a fairly dynamic game. Unlike football, where for the whole game you can see only a couple of goals scored, in the handball there are constant attacks. But this is not basketball, because the ball is thrown into the goal, and not into the basket. The task in this type of game is complicated by the increased dimensions of the goal and the reduced size of the ball.
In 1914, Dr. E. F. Mala developed fairly clear and detailed rules for the game of handball, subsequently many of them were applied in drawing up the rules of the international standard of this sport. We can say that it is Russian handball that is the first completed version of this game in the world.
This type of competition is a team one. Competitions are held indoors, in an open area, and there is also a beach view of this game.
Competition Terms
The size of the area should be 20 * 40 m, and the goal - 2 * 3 m. The game uses a ball of small diameter, and its size and weight vary depending on the female or male affiliation of the players, as well as their age.
How many times in handball? The whole game is divided into two halves of 30 minutes, with breaks of 10 minutes. The goal of the event is to throw the maximum number of goals into the opponents ’goal, and it is impossible to step over the line that limits the space in front of the goal. The game begins with a throw in any direction from the center of the court. All actions of playing teams are evaluated by two judges.
As a recreational, that is, physical education tool, the game of handball is more accessible and easier to implement. Regarding football, basketball and volleyball, it is more effective, but for some unknown reason less popular. Anyone can take up this sport.
It is safer and more democratic than many others, as it does not require any special ball skills or physical data. Preventing cruelty in attack and defense, that is, power struggle, handball is very easy to adapt for health groups of adults and elderly people of various levels of fitness and for children and youth groups of general physical fitness. Many teachers use a handball curriculum vitae for the physical preparation of the middle classes at school.
This sport is convenient in that you can do it anywhere: on the beach, in the pool, gym, on the street, using any ball and a minimum of equipment.
Handball: the rules of the game
1. The beginning of the competition. At the beginning of the game, the ball is inserted into the middle of the field. The bidder must be at a 3-meter distance. Such submissions may be made during the competition after a goal is scored or at the beginning of the next half.
2. Team members are allowed to touch the ball with any parts of the body, except the legs, they are also allowed to play handball with their heads, you can freely move around the field with the ball and pass. A partner is allowed to throw the ball only if he is at a distance of more than three meters from him.
3. This contest has a few simple but very important rules. Before making a pass or throwing the ball into the opponent’s goal, each participant has the right to keep it for himself only for three seconds. At the same time, you can take 3 steps with the ball in your hands, no more, then you will have to throw it to someone else.
4. What can a goalkeeper do during a handball game?
- To protect the goal area, he can touch the ball with any part of his body, including his feet.
- Throw the ball within the goal area.
- To enter the playing field and take part directly in the fight for the ball, applying the general rules of handball.
5. What can a goalkeeper not do?
- Expose your opponent to danger by defending your area.
- Leave the goal line with the ball.
- Touch the ball outside the line until the other player touches it.
- To return with the ball back to the goal.
- Cross the goalkeeper's boundary line until an opponent performing a 7-meter throw drops the ball.
6. When is the ball considered “offside”?
- When he rolled over the sideline of the field through the fault of any of the participants, in this case the opposing team introduces the ball into the game from the point of the previous crossing of the field boundary.
- If the ball crosses the goal line due to the fault of the goalkeeper or the attacker, in this case the goalkeeper enters into action.
- If the ball touches the ceiling, the referee draws the controversial ball by throwing it into the air.
7. Timeout. During the game, the coaches of both teams, regardless of how much handball is going on, have the right to take one timeout lasting 1 minute. The judge may stop time and time out in several cases:
- Disqualification and fixing removal from the game for 2 minutes.
- The purpose of the seven-meter throw.
- Violation of the rules of substitution or withdrawal to the site of an extra player.
- If the judges need to consult.
8. When are members replaced? In handball players can be replaced an unlimited number of times. A substitute team member may enter the field only after the substitute handball player leaves him. The intersection of participants is carried out only through the replacement field. The same rules are followed when changing goalkeepers.
9. In case of violation of the rule, a two-minute removal from the game is assigned. If the rules of handball are violated by several athletes at once, then only the first of them is punishable by removal, and the competition continues after a free throw by the opposing team.
10. If an extra player enters the field or interferes in the course of the fight from the substitution zone, he is punished with a 2-minute removal, and the team at this time continues to participate in a reduced squad. The rivalry continues after the free throw of the opposing team.
11. Passive game. The team leading the ball must direct it into the attack zone and throw it into the goal of the enemy. If the transfer of the ball from the protective zone to the attack zone is delayed, then this is considered a passive game. The team is fined with a free throw from the place where the ball was during the suspension of the competition. A free throw is carried out by the opposing team. Such maneuvers can be carried out by the team intentionally in order to extend the time of the handball game and not allow the opponents to take possession of the ball. If the judge noticed the slightest attempt to conduct passive tactics, he first gives the team a warning. If such a method continues, a free throw is awarded against the players with the ball.
Handball rules allow you to:
- Use your hands to lock and control the ball.
- Using an open hand to knock a ball off an opponent’s hands.
- Cover the opponent’s body, even if he has a ball.
- To interfere with the opponent’s actions, touch his hands from the front.
Handball is not allowed:
- Pull the ball out of the hands of the opponent.
- Block or repel an opponent with legs and hands.
- To carry out any physical impact: jumping onto an opponent, raiding, pushing, holding, grabbing or any other actions that could endanger him.
Depending on the severity of each violation in a form of competition such as handball, the rules of the game involve first a warning, then a 2-minute removal, seven-meter or free throws or even disqualification.
Punitive measures are applied in ascending order. In the case when a participant harms others, endangers them regardless of the break or the time of the game, he may be disqualified without warning.
A 7-meter throw may be awarded on the basis of gross violations that indirectly or directly caused the subsequent stop of the competition. This throw is carried out from a distance of seven meters from the location of the goal, in this case, the opponents are not entitled to interfere with the player in any way by intercepting the ball. The goalkeeper at this time has no right to go beyond the 4-meter goal area beyond the specified line.
Storming the gate
The referees will score a goal if the ball has completely crossed the entire width of the goal line, provided that the attacking player correctly follows the rules. All this is closely monitored by the judge, who is at the goal line. If everything is done correctly, he will show that the goal was scored.
A goal is counted even if a member of the defending team makes some violations when the ball hits the goal.
A hit does not count when the timekeeper or referee interrupts the game until the ball has completely crossed the goal line.
A goal can be credited to a team of opponents if a participant accidentally hits his own goal, except for the moment when the goal is scored.
Suitable Handball Shoes
In this sport, it is most reasonable to use sneakers. They provide strong adhesion to the floor surface. Their additional advantage is the ease of walking and running, created by good sole flexibility and cushioning. In the modern market there are many options suitable for these parameters. Each athlete can now choose the most suitable model.
What properties should a handball form have?
The rules of the game determine the requirements for the handball form. During the whole match, with a total duration of 1 hour 10 minutes, the competing teams try to score as many goals as possible. It is allowed to use the head, hips, arms, body and knees, while one participant must not hold the ball for more than 3 seconds or run with it more than 3 steps.
With such an active game, the handball uniform should allow it to move freely, have strength and convenience. Each participant's kit includes a T-shirt and shorts, usually of various colors. When choosing a game uniform, it is important to pay attention to every little thing: the quality of the fabric, seams, cut, style, shade, etc.
Goalkeeper equipment differs from the costumes of participants on the field in that it is more closed, this is necessary to reduce the pain from hitting the ball. After all, no matter how many times in handball, training takes longer. During the game, a fall and close contact between the participants are possible. To create such clothes, special-purpose knitted fabrics with a strong and rigid structure are used.
In professional wrestling, as a rule, two types of suits are used: training and playing. They have differences in the composition of the canvas and style.
Fabrics containing a large percentage of cotton fibers have better breathability and provide high comfort for socks, but they quickly lose their original shape and stretch. Instead of cotton, synthetic fibers began to come in , able to quickly remove excess moisture, hold their shape well and dry quickly, they would not appear scuffs and puffs, and caring for them is quite simple.
Handball ball
By all rules, a handball ball is created from a synthetic material based on polyurethane or from genuine leather. Its surface should have anti-slip properties. Under it is a layer of foam, providing softness of the ball. As a rule, it should be sticky to the touch in order to maximize its grip. During the game, many participants use handball mastic; it provides the maximum possible contact between the palm and the ball.
For beach competitions, balls are made of foam rubber with a smooth and dry surface. Quite often they can be found in bright colors.
The main sizes of handballs:
- The ball with a circle of 50-52 cm has a weight of 290-330 g. Game purpose - for teams of girls and boys 8-14 years old.
- The ball with a circle of 54-56 cm has a weight of 325-375 g. It is used in women's teams over 14 years old and men's teams after 16 years.
- The ball, adapted for games of men over 16 years old, has a circumference of 58-60 cm and weighs 425-475 g.
Creation and development of beach handball
The game originates in the 90s of the twentieth century. Beach handball literally immediately attracted attention and gained its fans and admirers.
Its popularity was due to several factors:
- Extra points for a beautifully scored ball into the opponent’s goal.
- Extraordinary rules.
- Beautiful game.
In relation to the classic handball, the beach has several distinctive features, so it is recognized as an independent sport.
Beach Russian handball began to develop in full force in the early 2000s. In this sport, Italian athletes are superior to all, but representatives of the following countries are practically not inferior to them in professionalism and popularity:
- Russia.
- Ukraine.
- Belarus
- Spain.
- Holland.
- Greece.
Set game rules and necessary equipment for the competition
The development of the rules of this kind of game is a separate conversation. They were installed by the same Italians who own the idea of ​​beach handball.
According to the conditions, each team has 8 people, two of whom are goalkeepers. There must be 4 participants on the playing field, one of which is a goalkeeper. With all this, the members of both teams should be dressed in different uniforms and walk barefoot. It is allowed to wear socks or bandage the legs.
A goal is counted only when the ball completely crosses the goal line, and if the shot was executed beautifully and spectacularly, two points are credited for it. In addition, two points are added for a goal if it was carried out from a distance of 6 meters, or if it was executed by a goalkeeper. Therefore, even with a large difference in the results of teams, there is always the opportunity to level the score.
The dimensions of the court should be 27 meters long, 12 meters wide + goalie zones, each equal to 3 meters wide and 2 meters high.
For the game, a ball weighing 350 g / 55 cm is used in a circle for men, and a lighter option for women is 300 g / 50 cm.
Competition
Numerous competitions, European and world championships are currently held on beach handball. Games are held in mixed-type men's and women's teams. In the past few years, the trend of children's beach handball competitions has begun to increase.
It is important to note that beach handball reached the world level by the beginning of 2000. As a result of the first world championship, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus were able to take the majority of prizes in competitions of both sexes.
Today, handball in Russia does not stand still and is actively developing. Regional schools are being created for those who wish, so that the teams of our athletes in the future can easily win the title of champion.