The stomach is a hollow muscle organ, part of the food processing system, located between the digestive canal and the initial part of the small intestine. It includes a mechanism consisting of celiac and vagus nerves that provide nervous regulation of the stomach. The innervation of the stomach, i.e., the supply of its nerves and the provision of communication with the main part of the nervous system, is carried out using parasympathetic and sympathetic systems.
What is innervation?
Providing organs and tissues with nerves is called innervation. There are centripetal (afferent) nerves. According to them, irritation is brought to the main part of the nervous system. There are also centrifugal (efferent) nerves. They transmit impulses from the center to the edge. For the standard activity of an organ, its relationship with the centers through efferent (centrifugal) nerves is needed. Efferent nerves are divided into somatic, passing from the anterior horns of the dorsal brain to the muscles, and vegetative, going through the concentration of nerve cells that enclose dendrites and axons of nerve cells.
Almost all the apparatuses of the body have a dual supply of organs with nerves - vegetative and somatic (muscles) or sympathetic and parasympathetic (stomach, intestines).
What is sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
Sympathetic innervation is part of the autonomic nervous system, the accumulation of nerve nodules of which is located at a considerable distance from the organ provided by the nerves. It is divided into the main, located in the dorsal brain, and peripheral, containing multiple interconnected nerve branches and nodes. Innervation is activated with a set of adaptive interactions of the body on the influence of various negative stress factors.
Parasympathetic innervation is part of the ganglionic nervous system, interconnected with part of the autonomic system. Functionally, the opposition maintains its balance. The vagus nerve (paired nerve going from the brain to the abdominal cavity) appears to be the main parasympathetic nerve. Along with centripetal and transmitting parasympathetic fibers, it includes susceptible and motor somatic transmitting sympathetic fibers.
Sympathetic innervation
The sympathetic innervation of the stomach is represented by groups of cells located in the gray matter of the dorsal brain, mainly in its lateral horns. The fibers of these cells go into the anterior motor spinal root.
This innervation of the stomach performs the following functions:
- Reduces the process of separation of complex forms of matter, consisting of interconnected atoms, from the cell.
- It weakens the wave-like contraction of the walls of hollow cylindrical organs (peristalsis).
- Causes a lack of a normal state of persistent excitation.
Parasympathetic innervation of the stomach
Parasympathetic innervation is the provision by the nerves of the ascending, transverse and descending colon from the vagus nerves. Parasympathetic fibers increase peristalsis, expand the throttle device, stabilizing the transformation of contents from one organ to another.