In practice, one can come across various types of projects. Their management can combine completely different subspecies of activity with their results. In this case, we can talk about the construction of the pyramids in Egypt, and the writing of term papers by students in the learning process.
Classification principle
Moreover, the types of projects have significant differences both in the scope and in the composition of the subject, duration, scale, level of complexity, structure, interest groups and individuals.
Knowledge of these differences allows you to pay attention to some features of individual groups. When implementing certain types of projects, you can use different management methods and tools.
Their classification can be determined taking into account the following factors.
Scope of activities
Firstly, the main types of projects differ in the areas of activity. Among them are the following:
- commercial, which are carried out under contracts concluded for the production of products or the provision of services;
- research used in the field of development and engineering;
- types of projects related to the design and construction of basic production resources;
- developments implemented in information systems.
External projects
This classification can be found depending on their implementation.
So, internal projects are executed directly in the organization. In this case, the performers and customers belong to its members. All work that can be attributed to the plan, or the execution of a particular development, is carried out by the enterprise on its own at the expense of its own resources.
Often, these types of organization of projects are used in accordance with the future work of the main type of activity. For example, when executing a project to introduce some kind of software into the manufacturing sector, an organization needs to have a sufficient number of specialists with the necessary skills to create such a product.
Internal projects provide greater efficiency and flexibility in the adoption of a decision. Their implementation allows you to avoid various surprises and
unforeseen circumstances that arise as they are implemented.
Today it is difficult to find an enterprise where internal projects would not be implemented. These may include the following types: quality improvement, development of logistics schemes, advertising and presentations, etc.
The types and types of internal type projects have such an advantage as the lack of so-called external control. In this case, it is a matter of the fact that in the absence of any fines in the contracts, the enterprise in the process of introducing the development can change certain decisions regarding the terms, resources, technologies that are used in its implementation.
Therefore, the manager needs to be careful using the ability to change decisions. Any change can lead to an increase in the cost of the project. Another problem is some conservatism in their implementation. This is expressed in the absence of initiative on the part of employees who already have some skills and knowledge, but do not want to change any methods in their work, even if they are more effective. These factors lead to risks for the cost of projects.
Often, managers do not need to have any special knowledge for planning and successful implementation of certain developments. Due to a certain clarity and simplicity regarding goals together with ways to achieve them, sometimes only experience in managerial work and common sense are enough.
Internal projects
This type involves the implementation of work that is offered by external customers. Particular importance in this case should be given to the design of relations with counterparties (partners and customers) in the legal field. So, partners develop conditions for the performance of work, taking into account any legally correctly executed contract, under which the fulfillment of the conditions is mandatory.