As a form of state final certification of general secondary education, a unified state exam (USE) has been used for several years . Mandatory subjects are mathematics and the Russian language. Conducting the final certification has general rules that have been repeatedly changed. The latest changes to the general rules will be discussed in this article.
About the rules
The exam (compulsory and optional subjects) is carried out using control measuring materials (CMM), which are standard-form complexes with tasks. In addition, there are special mandatory forms to fill out answers to tasks. Mandatory USE subjects, as well as elective subjects, are accepted in Russian in writing, if this is not a section of foreign languages ("speaking").
Exams are conducted in Russia and abroad according to a single schedule. The organizers are Rosobrnadzor and executive authorities of those constituent entities of the Russian Federation that administer the education sector (OIV). Outside of the country, the Unified State Examination (compulsory and optional subjects) is also taken by Rosobrnadzor and the founders of educational institutions of the Russian Federation, which are located abroad, have state accreditation and implement educational programs of general secondary education, as well as foreign agencies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, which have specialized structural educational units.
Admission to the exam
Compulsory and optional subjects are handed over to students who do not have academic debt and who have fully completed individual or general curricula with grades in all subjects for all years of study not less than satisfactory.
Disabled children and people with disabilities, as well as students with limited health abilities, students in closed educational institutions and institutions where they are serving sentences of imprisonment, are entitled to pass the final state certification in the form of the Unified State Examination (Russian language and mathematics).
Students in educational programs of vocational secondary education also have the right to certification in the form of the exam (Russian language and mathematics, as well as elective subjects for admission to a higher educational institution). Students in educational institutions of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol have the same right.
Recertification and External
The right to certification in the Unified State Examination form is available to past graduates (with a document on obtaining general secondary education until 2013), as well as to those students who study educational programs of vocational secondary education and study in educational organizations outside the Russian Federation, even if they have there are valid results of the exam in the past years.
Examinations can also be taken by people who have mastered secondary education programs in other forms - family education or self-education, or have mastered educational programs not accredited by the state. They can externally pass the GIA in an accredited educational organization.
Items
Now the required subjects for passing the exam are the Russian language and mathematics. However, in 2020, changes and additions are planned. Firstly, according to the head of the Ministry of Education and Science Olga Vasilyeva, a history exam will be required for everyone. In addition, the mandatory subjects of the exam in 2020 may include a foreign language and geography. And indeed, without a knowledge of history, a country cannot successfully move tomorrow. Whether geography will be a compulsory subject for the USE has not yet been decided, since the entire existing exam system will be reviewed.
However, English as a compulsory subject in the exam (or other foreign), most likely, will be. In 2020, a number of regions will hand over such an item in approbation mode. Further, by 2022, the country will be ready to add a foreign language to the exam minimum in schools, and now trial tests are being drawn up, programs are being developed. History as a compulsory subject in the USE is a matter already practically resolved, although this will happen, according to Olga Vasilyeva, not earlier than 2020. This will be the third required subject.
History with geography
Olga Vasilyeva made many statements at the All-Russian Conference on the History of Russia, which was held in February 2017, regarding the development of education in the country. Much has been said about passing the exam in 2020. Mandatory items will be replenished. She clarified that today children only pass math and the Russian language, but history should certainly become the third subject of the USE.
She also said that she was carefully listening to louder public opinion regarding the GIA, which students pass after graduating from ninth grade, in geography. Too many citizens advocate the introduction of such an exam when leaving school. The list of required subjects for the exam will be surely replenished. Perhaps geography will be one of them.
For admission to university
In 2009, all school graduates received information about the required subjects of the exam. They became the Russian language and mathematics. In this case, every eleventh grader must receive a score not lower than established by Rosobrnadzor. In addition, for admission to the university, school graduates choose on their own several necessary subjects. You need to choose from the list of general subjects that are on the list of exam. How many compulsory subjects, for example, must an eleventh-grader about to enter a university have to take? This will depend on the chosen specialization. For example, a future programmer needs ICT and computer science.
Examinations in mathematics can be completed in advance, not only completely, but also repeatedly, for this there are official portals with open task banks. Since this subject is required, graduates do just that. But math math is different. Those future programmers should not decide the basic option, but the profile one. Tasks of the exam in mathematics of a profile level require, meanwhile, only knowledge of the school course. There is probably a free demo material on the site of the selected university that can be used for self-study.
List
Subjects, including compulsory, at the choice of the graduate of the school for admission to the university:
1. Russian language.
2. Profile and basic mathematics.
3. Chemistry.
4. Physics.
5. Social studies.
6. History.
7. Information and communication technologies and informatics.
8. Geography.
9. Biology.
10. Literature.
11. Foreign language (English, French, German, Spanish).
To obtain a certificate of high school graduation, you need to take only two required subjects - Russian language and mathematics. Further, on a voluntary basis, the graduate can take any subjects of his choice according to the requirements of a particular higher education institution. It all depends on the planned direction of training, that is, the specialty.
Change
Since the country is undergoing not too quick, but cardinal changes, this cannot but affect the education system. The Ministry of Education and Science on the part of the country's population has accumulated a lot of complaints. Of course, this examination system has its advantages, such as the option of preventing corruption and the independence of the obtained knowledge assessment. But there are a lot of minuses. It is planned by 2019 to develop a mechanism for passing the exam in six subjects, as well as increase the number of grades in elementary school. Of course, knowledge must be evaluated systematically so that students acquire skills that increase responsibility and order.
Both parents and teachers put the test character of the exam in the negative of the existing exam organization. Most students simply try to guess the correct answer. This system had to be abolished a long time ago, replacing it with the survey form that existed before 2009. Of course, rehearsals and opinion polls are needed before anything new is introduced into this system, because, first of all, it is necessary to understand how each of these changes will improve the situation.
Dates and tasks
The USE in the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as abroad, provides for a unified schedule. Each subject has its own duration for the exam time. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in January of this year issues a decree that approves a single schedule and duration of each exam. It also provides the entire list of funds that will be needed for training and education and will be used during the exam.
FIPI (Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements) is developing examination tasks (KIM), that is, complexes of standardized tasks with which the level of development of the educational standard will be established. On the FIPI website, you can familiarize yourself in advance with the section of the USE demonstration options for each subject, as well as with the documents that govern the content and structure of KIM - with all codifiers and specifications. Tasks can be both detailed and with short answers. Oral answers of students in foreign languages are recorded using audio media. This section ("speaking") is still voluntary.
Responsibility
The information of control measuring materials that are used for the state certification cannot be disclosed, since it refers to information with limited access. Therefore, everyone who will be involved in the exam, as well as those who pass the exam during the period of its holding, are responsible for the disclosure of KIM information in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
If KIM information is published, for example, on the Internet, this will become evidence of the presence of signs of an offense under Articles 13.14 and 19.30 of the Code of Administrative Offenses; 59, part 11 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation".
results
The state final certification, which is carried out in the form of the exam, uses a 100-point grading system in all subjects, except for basic mathematics. Separately, a minimum number of points was established for each subject, and if the examiner overcame this threshold, then the development of an educational program of a general middle level will be confirmed.
When the examination examinations are completed, the results of the exam in all subjects are considered by the chairman of the SEC, after which he decides to annul, amend or approve them. The approval of the results occurs within one working day after checking all the examination papers.
Appeals
If the examining high school graduate is not satisfied with the points received, he has the opportunity to appeal the disagreement within two days from the announcement of the USE results. It is compiled in writing and submitted to the educational organization, which gave the examiner access to the exam.
Graduates of previous years and other categories of participants in the exam can appeal to the place of registration for surrender or to others that are identified by the region. The exam results for each examiner exist only in the federal information system, and paper certificates about them are not provided. Their validity is four years.
Retake
If a graduate of the current year receives a result that falls below the established minimum score for any of the compulsory subjects, he can pass the Unified State Exam again - an additional schedule is provided for this in the unified schedule. If, in any category, the USE participant fails to get a minimum of points in subjects that he has chosen to enter a university, then the retake will take place only after a year.
Since 2015, all students can take the exam in compulsory subjects up to three times (this applies only to mathematics and the Russian language). This is possible either on extra days, if only one item is failed, or in the fall (September, October). In the latter case, admission to the university cannot already take place, since the required dates have passed, but the student will receive a certificate.