One of the leading indicators of human health, the most commonly used in the practice of a doctor, is the level of blood pressure.
This level is formed by the action of various organs and systems. First of all, by the cardiovascular system. Vascular tone and heart rate are controlled by the nervous and humoral systems. With nervous excitement (emotions, stress), the heart rate increases. The release of adrenaline into the blood is determined by the humoral system. In addition, a huge number of third-party factors affect the level of our blood pressure.
It is generally accepted that normal pressure is 140 by 90 or less. A higher value may indicate arterial hypertension, if this increased level persists.
Previously, doctors claimed that the pressure of 140 to 90 for women - too high numbers. However, at present no significant distinctions are made and normal pressure in men is equated to that in women.
I would like to note that normal human pressure and pulse are interconnected. So, with an increase in heart rate (an increase in heart rate), blood pressure rises. But the increase in pressure in the bloodstream does not always mean that the pulse will be quickened.
What diseases or pathological conditions can affect such an indicator as normal pressure (140 to 90)? These include diseases of the cardiovascular system itself (atherosclerosis) and diseases of other systems. This may be a pathology of nervous regulation, as well as violations of the endocrine (humoral) regulation.
Diagnosis of arterial hypertension is carried out by measuring the level of blood pressure with a tonometer. If a triple visit to the doctor (a break between visits of at least one week) exceeds 140 by 90, the diagnosis of hypertension (hypertension) is made.
This condition manifests itself as a headache (often in the occipital region) and dizziness, noise in the head, flickering flies in front of the eyes. In addition, the patient feels his own palpitations. With high blood pressure, nausea and vomiting may occur.
Treatment begins not with the use of pharmaceuticals (medicines), but with the rejection of bad habits (smoking and alcohol) and a strict diet. The main principle of the diet for hypertension is to limit the amount of salt consumed in food. This principle helps to reduce water retention in the body, which most often helps to reduce pressure. In addition, the salt-free diet reduces the burden on the kidneys and reduces swelling (if any).
In the case when a healthy lifestyle and a salt-free diet have not led to the necessary decrease in pressure, doctors resort to the appointment of drugs. A feature of the treatment of this disease is the appointment of a whole range of drugs to achieve the desired result. In addition, the use of these drugs should be systematic and virtually constant.
As mentioned above, a pressure of 140 to 90 is considered the upper limit of normal, and, depending on the level of exceeding this upper limit, three degrees of arterial hypertension are distinguished. An isolated increase in only diastolic pressure is allocated to a separate group, which most often speaks of kidney pathology (since it is the kidneys that control one of the blood pressure regulation systems - the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). An amazing feature of the last form of hypertension is the lack of subjective sensations of increased pressure, that is, patients feel good and do not complain.