Not all diagnoses, even well-known ones, are understandable to patients, presented as an abbreviation from the International Classifier of Diseases. What is the diagnosis of SGM? Decryption will be presented in the article. We will also determine the causes of this condition, its degrees of severity. Consider the alarming symptoms, diagnostic techniques, first aid, treatment.
Meaning of Abbreviation
Imagine deciphering the diagnosis of SGM. This is a concussion.
You can find another abbreviation in the medical record. This is ZHMT SGM. What does she mean? Closed head injury, concussion.
Now turn to the classifier. What does SGM mean in ICD 10? In the International Classifier of Diseases, certain pathologies, injuries, diseases and pathological conditions are encrypted under certain codes. As for concussion, it is under the code S06.1.
What is it?
We met with the decoding of the diagnosis of SGM. How does it seem? SGM and ZHMT are closely connected. After all, concussion is one of the types of traumatic brain injuries.
In most cases, this is an easily reversible violation of any functions of the brain that can occur due to a strong bruise, a blow to the head, or even a sharp movement of it. Experts believe that because of the SGM (you already know the decoding of the diagnosis), a temporary violation of interneuronal communication also occurs.
Expression of injury
What is an SGM? As a result of shock, bruising or sudden movement, the bones of the skull and brain matter come into contact. This is fraught with the following:
- Change in a number of chemical or physical properties of neurons (cells that make up the brain). This can lead to a change in the spatial organization of protein molecules.
- Pathological effect on the entire mass of the substance of the brain.
- Temporary disconnection of signal transmission, as well as the relationship between the synapses of cellular neurons and the brain. Synapses are locations of contact between a pair of neurons. Or between a neuron and a signal-receiving effector cell. This is the cause of various functional disorders.
Severity
Specialists distinguish three main degrees of concussion:
- Easy. The victim is not observed impaired consciousness. However, he may suffer from headaches, disorientation in space, nausea, dizziness for a short period after an injury (no more than half an hour). After this, health usually returns to normal. Also, a short-term increase in body temperature (up to 38 ° C) is sometimes noted.
- Medium. Loss of consciousness is not diagnosed. But the following is noted: nausea, dizziness, headache, disorientation in space. This is observed more than 20 minutes after the injury. In some cases, the so-called retrograde amnesia is added: the victim does not remember what happened a few minutes before the injury.
- Heavy. Such SGM is accompanied by loss of consciousness for a short period of time - from several minutes to several hours. Retrograde amnesia develops - the victim cannot remember what happened to him. He notes pathological symptoms within 1-2 weeks after the injury - this is nausea, headache, disorientation, reduced working capacity, dizziness, impaired appetite and sleep.
Symptoms
What are the symptoms of concussion in a child and adult? The most true is the presence of any head injury. After all, even a small bruise can lead to SGM.
Symptoms of concussion in adults can usually be as follows:
- Confusion for a short period of time.
- Dizziness. Moreover, it is observed at rest. If a person changes body position, turns, tilts his head, it intensifies. The reason for this is a violation of the blood circulation in the vestibular apparatus.
- Throbbing headaches.
- Weakness.
- Tinnitus.
- Nausea. May be a single vomiting.
- Confusion, inhibition in movement, incoherent or slow speech.
- Doubling of the image in the eyes is diplopia. If the patient tries to read, he experiences eye pain.
- Photophobia. Moreover, a painful reaction is possible even to a normal level of illumination.
- Increased sensitivity to noise. The patient is annoyed even by familiar sounds.
- Lack of coordination of movement.
As for the latter, it is quite easy to install. Ask the person with their eyes closed to reach with the tip of their index finger to the tip of their nose. Another option for checking coordination is to follow a straight line with one foot behind the other. Then spread your arms to the sides, close your eyes and try to take several small steps also in one line.
Definition of CHM in children and the elderly
Symptoms of concussion in a child are expressed with certain features. Particular attention here needs to be paid to infants and young children - often they have not accompanied by a disturbance in consciousness, therefore the concussion is difficult to establish for a layman.
Therefore, the following alarming symptoms should be checked:
- At the time of injury, the child turns pale skin (most often the face). A heartbeat may increase, after which drowsiness and lethargy appears.
- As for infants, the alarming signs of CHM after a head injury in them are regurgitation during feeding or vomiting, sleep disturbance, general anxiety. These symptoms stop on their own after 2-3 days.
- In preschoolers, the SGM proceeds without impaired consciousness. In this case, the condition of the child improves independently after 2-3 days.
In older people, SGM is accompanied by loss of consciousness much less than in young people of middle age. But the concussion manifests itself more disorientation in space and time. Victims complain of throbbing headaches in the neck.
Similar disorders in the elderly are diagnosed within 5-7 days. More intense in patients suffering from hypertensive pathologies.
First aid
We will analyze the main measures of PMF for concussion:
- If the victim lost consciousness, it is necessary to call an ambulance as soon as possible. Pre-lay it on a hard, even surface on the right block, bend your arms at your elbows and legs at your knees. Tilt the person’s head up a little, then turn to face the ground - this way the air will better pass through its airways. This also prevents aspiration - the penetration of foreign objects and substances.
- If the victim is bleeding, then a hemostatic dressing should be applied to the wound.
- If a person wakes up, or fainting does not happen to him, you should lay him horizontally, put a soft object under his head so that it is slightly elevated. Make sure that he is conscious - do not let the victim fall asleep before the doctors arrive.
- All people with a head injury must have an examination at the emergency room. According to the decision of a specialist, they can later be sent for outpatient therapy to a neurologist. In severe cases, the victim is hospitalized in the neurological department for diagnosis, monitoring his condition, treatment.
- If a person is unconscious, and you are not able to independently determine the severity and nature of the damage, do not try to move, move, turn it over. Take care only that nothing restricts his body, nothing interferes with free breathing. If necessary, remove fluids (such as vomit), loose substances, or small objects from the respiratory tract.
Home diagnosis
How to install SGM yourself? There are several concise diagnosis techniques available:
- It hurts the victim to look away. He cannot take him to an extreme position.
- In the first hours after injury, there is a slight narrowing or, on the contrary, dilated pupils. Their reaction to light remains normal.
- Light asymmetry of both skin and tendon reflexes. They will be different on the right and on the left side. For example, the left knee jerk may be slightly more alive than the right. But such a sign is volatile - in a few hours it can come back to normal.
- Horizontal small nystagmus (that is, involuntary trembling) when the eyes are moved to the extreme position. The patient monitors a small object in the hand of the examiner. In the case of SGM, a slight return movement of the pupil is observed.
- The appearance of shakiness in the Romberg position: the patient is asked to bring his legs together, extend his arms in front of him parallel to the floor and close his eyes.
- Light tension of the occipital muscles (may end independently after 3 days).
Medical diagnostics
But with SHM, one cannot do without professional methods for diagnosing the patient's condition:
- MRI with concussion.
- X-ray of the skull and cervical spine.
- Encephalography.
- CT scan.
- Echoencephaloscopy.
- Taking spinal puncture.
- Fundus studies.
Therapy
Of course, you should not look for pills from a brain concussion yourself. Incorrect or inadequate treatment is fraught with SGM as follows:
- Chronic imbalance.
- Mental changes.
- Chronic trembling of the extremities.
- Post-traumatic syndromes - persistence of increased fatigue, persistent memory impairment.
Therapy for SGM is prescribed comprehensive:
- Sedatives.
- Analgesics.
- Sleeping pills.
- Metabolic and vascular therapy.
- Tonic agents.
Treatment will not be effective if the patient does not observe bed rest for 5-7 days. Depending on the severity of the concussion, the correctness of following the advice of a doctor, the patient's condition improves in a couple of weeks.
Home treatment
Is treatment for concussion possible at home? Only if your doctor allowed it: the damage is not so serious as to hospitalize the patient.
The following is written here:
- Compliance with bed rest, a full sleep.
- Lack of physical and mental stress.
- Taking prescribed medications. Assigned to establish cerebral circulation, reducing headache. Medications that relieve unpleasant symptoms such as nausea and dizziness.
- Drugs with neuroprotective properties can be prescribed - improving the course of vital processes in the brain.
- In some cases, it is necessary to take sleeping pills and sedatives.
- At the rehabilitation stage, the doctor may prescribe nootropic, tonic drugs.
For a month after an injury, it is not recommended to engage in sports, heavy physical work. You need to abandon long reading, watching TV, using a computer and smartphone. It is recommended to listen to calm music, but not using headphones.
SGM - damage that needs medical attention. Only a doctor can prescribe the right treatment after a comprehensive diagnosis. All its requirements are binding! Otherwise, the patient may get chronic complications.