The urinary system often undergoes various pathologies. Most often, doctors diagnose diseases of the bladder. They can be caused by a variety of adverse factors. After determining the cause of the disease and bladder disease, treatment is prescribed. Not only the penetration of pathogenic microflora, but also hypothermia, neoplasms can lead to the development of pathology. Bladder diseases should be taken seriously, because if left untreated, serious complications arise. Often there is a lesion of the urinary and other organs of the excretory system, kidneys.
Which doctor to contact
Diagnostic measures are prescribed by a urologist. However, not everywhere there is such a specialist, so in some cases the examination is carried out in the direction of a pediatrician, therapist. There are cases when the direction for diagnosis is given by a gynecologist, oncologist or andrologist. If you suspect a bladder pathology, the specialist recommends an examination and a visit to a urologist.
What are the pathologies
There are many diseases of the bladder, among which are most often diagnosed: cystitis, leukoplakia, polyps, urolithiasis, neurosis. Each pathology needs timely detection and treatment.
The bladder is a small hollow organ that acts as a reservoir for urine. With any type of pathology, the work of the bubble is disrupted.
Most often , bladder diseases are diagnosed in women and children, less often in men. This is due to the anatomical feature of the structure of the urinary system.
Bubble diverticulum
This pathology is characterized by the appearance of saccular recesses in the organ wall, which are connected to the cavity of the channel. The sizes of education can be different. In most cases, doctors identify a single diverticulum, multiple formations are rare. As a rule, diverticulums are located behind or on the side of the organ.
The disease develops as a result of the abnormal development of the organ in the womb. There is a diverticulum of an acquired character. Usually, this species occurs as a result of prostate adenoma. In the presence of education, urine leaves in portions: first the bladder itself is emptied, and then the diverticulum.
Bladder inflammation
The most common bladder disease is cystitis. Most often, the disease is diagnosed among the fair sex, in children. Less commonly, pathology occurs in men.
Cystitis is characterized by inflammatory processes in the bladder that occur as a result of the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms. They can penetrate the organ through the organs of the intestinal tract, genitals. Inflammation of the bladder most often affects people leading a sedentary lifestyle. In this case, stagnation of urine occurs, which serves as a comfortable environment for the reproduction of microorganisms.
Cystitis is characterized by frequent urination, during which pains and burning are noted. Sometimes false urge to urinate, soreness in the lower abdomen, in the lower back. Urine changes color, smell. In it, impurities of blood, pus can be observed.
With cystitis, weakness, fever can be observed.
Papillomas
Most often, papillomas are diagnosed in people of mature age. Although these formations are classified as benign, they tend to degenerate and turn into cancer. If the papilloma is located on the surface of the bladder, then it does not manifest itself in any way. In case of germination into the deeper layers, diagnostic hematuria appears.
Salt diathesis
With excessive accumulation of salts in the bubble, salt diathesis occurs . Salts form elements of various sizes that destroy the mucous membrane and also cause inflammation. They mechanically damage the endometrium, urine output worsens.
Cystalgia or neurosis
This bladder disease in women is more common than in men. This is due to emotional instability. Often, pathology occurs as a result of hormonal disorders, malfunction of the nervous system, infection in the body. Other factors can affect the development of neurosis.
Most often, neurosis occurs in women who do not want sexual intercourse, as well as in those who interrupt sexual intercourse. Most often, the ailment is formed against a background of mental health abnormalities. Such problems are more related to psychological illnesses than to the urinary system.
Urolithiasis
Symptoms of a bladder disease are the formation of stones, sand in an organ. The disease affects people of all ages, it can even occur in infants.
The formation of stones is due to metabolic disorders, dehydration, lack of sunlight.
When stones form, there is a danger of organ rupture. When the formation leaves, it can clog the urinary tract, causing severe pain and rupture of the bladder.
Symptoms of stones and sand are manifested in the form of pain of varying intensity, especially during the release of formations. Also, the presence of sand can provoke inflammation: it occurs due to mechanical effects on the mucous membrane.
The color of urine changes - it becomes cloudy, with an admixture of blood. The nature of urination is also impaired: frequent urges occur, but the volume of urine comes out small.
In some cases, urolithiasis is manifested by vomiting, nausea, hyperthermia, and increased blood pressure.
Tumors
Tumors can be benign or malignant. Distinguish formations located in the epithelium, as well as those that arise from connective tissue. Squamous cell carcinoma is often diagnosed inside the organ. Usually this pathology appears as a complication of untreated papillomas. Cancer can also occur in people suffering from chronic pathologies of the urinary system, with developmental abnormalities.
Cancer is characterized by frequent urination, frequent urination, dysuria. Due to the neoplasm, pain occurs in the form of acute renal colic, as well as in the form of dull pain in the lumbar region.
In advanced cases, metastases occur.
Leukoplakia
Signs of bladder disease are organ changes, as a result of which the epithelium becomes stiff, keratinized. Leukoplakia occurs as a complication of cystitis, with MKD, as a result of a chemical or mechanical effect on the urinary mucosa.
Atony
The main symptom of a bladder disease is involuntary urination.
When injuring nerve endings sending impulses to the bladder from the spinal cord, atony is diagnosed.
With pathology, the urine does not completely come out, the bladder remains full. The cause of this pathology is a back injury.
Atony is characterized by urinary incontinence, pain, a weak stream, which intensifies when you press the peritoneum wall.
Polyps
Urinary polyps or growths form on the mucous membrane of an organ. If you do not treat the disease of the bladder, then the polyps begin to increase in size. In most cases, the disease is not dangerous, does not manifest itself. Because of this, polyps are not treated on time. Only with a significant increase in formations do the first symptoms appear in the form of a violation of the outflow of urine. In this case, cystoscopy is recommended to normalize the outflow of urine.
Bubble burst
In some cases, rupture of the walls of the bladder occurs. Pathology is characterized by symptoms of peritonitis, dysuria.
The gap may be extraperitoneal, in which there is no communication with the abdominal cavity; intraperitoneal when cavities communicate; combined.
Fistula
Symptoms of bladder disease in women and men depend on the location of the fistula. It can be located near the intestine, connecting the bladder and intestines. In this case, the contents of the organs will flow into the intestine, and from there into the bladder. In women, fistulas can connect the urine and vagina, causing severe irritation, intoxication, inflammation.
The main sign of the presence of a fistula is the leakage of urine through the vagina, anus, and the outer opening in the skin.
Herpes
Recently, doctors began to detect herpes of the bladder caused by a virus of the second type, which causes genital herpes. In men, herpes causes prostatitis or urethritis. From these organs, the inflammatory process passes into the bladder.
Other diseases
Bladder diseases in men and women are not always associated with pathological processes occurring inside the organ. In some cases, the disease occurs as a result of abnormal kidney function, a disease of the genital organs, due to which the bladder is affected. Doctors can also identify the following diseases:
- Cystocele. With this pathology, prolapse of the vagina and bladder occurs. The disease occurs as a result of pregnancy, heavy labor, obesity, neoplasms, when lifting weights, as a result of constipation, as well as during surgical interventions and not only.
- Estrophy. An ailment is observed in violation of the formation of an organ in utero.
- Cyst. Until now, scientists have not been able to establish the cause of cyst formation. According to some hypotheses, it occurs due to a violation of the embryonic development of the urinary system. For a long time, the cyst does not manifest itself, but as soon as a pathogenic microorganism enters the organ, the formation begins to grow, increase in size. It causes pain, impaired urine outflow.
- Sclerosis affecting the neck of an organ.
- Endometriosis Pathogenic microorganisms are able to penetrate the endometrial mucosa.
In isolated cases, doctors diagnose tuberculosis of the bladder. The causative agent enters it from the kidneys, causing the destruction of the inner shell. As a result, nodules and sores are formed on the inner shell. When they heal, scars appear in their place, leading to a violation of the function of the organ - it decreases in size, wrinkles.
With the introduction of pathogens, sepsis may occur. Blood poisoning can result from trauma to the bladder, as well as the penetration of the pathogen into the blood. Sepsis is a dangerous complication of bladder disease leading to death.
Detection of pathologies in children
With pathologies of the bladder in children, the causes of diuresis disorders are produced by the same methods as in adults. This is due to the fact that they are safe for the child’s body and help to determine the cause of the disease with high accuracy and prescribe treatment.
Diagnostic Methods
To make a diagnosis, the doctor prescribes laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods. To identify the pathology caused by an infection or virus, they pass urine for analysis.
Be sure to do an ultrasound of the bladder and pelvic organs.
When blood is excreted during urination, the patient is sent for urography. Cytology, cystoscopy, CT, analysis of tumor markers can also be prescribed. After the results of all diagnostic procedures are read, the doctor selects the treatment. It takes into account all the features of the body, the presence of concomitant pathologies, age, physiological characteristics of the body, etc.
Treatment methods
The treatment of bladder disease depends on the correct diagnosis. Symptoms in men and women of pathologies are the same.
In most cases, drug therapy is prescribed, which the urologist selects individually in each case.
First of all, any treatment for bladder disease in women and men involves the use of drugs that can eliminate the infection: usually a course of antibiotics is prescribed.
The pain syndrome is eliminated by antispasmodics, phytotherapeutic agents. At home, doctors recommend taking diuretics to help restore normal urine output.
If a tumor is detected, as well as with a rupture of the bladder, an emergency surgical intervention is performed. Doctors choose the method of surgical intervention depending on the severity of the disease. The operation is indicated for the formation of large stones that cannot be dissolved or removed naturally.
Alternative treatment
Treatment of symptoms, diseases of the bladder in women and men is possible with folk remedies. But before starting therapy, you should consult with a specialist.
You can remove the pain syndrome using herbs that have anti-inflammatory, diuretic effects.
The most common remedy for diseases is a decoction based on knotweed, St. John's wort, bearberry and chamomile. Each plant take fifty grams and pour two glasses of boiling water. The remedy is infused for an hour. To achieve the effect, it takes about three weeks to take a decoction.
If symptoms of a bladder disease suddenly appear, treatment and a visit to the doctor should not be postponed. He will accurately diagnose, determine the complexity of the disease, select an effective treatment regimen, and also recommend alternative methods of fighting the disease.