The basis of the human body consists of muscles, tendons, bones and cartilage. Supporting support is the skeleton that protects the heart along with the lungs, brain and spinal cord. The most common diseases of the motor system of the body are considered spondylosis, which deforms the skeletal vertebrae, and osteochondrosis.
These pathologies cause discomfort, limiting the functionality of the joints and negatively affecting a number of other organs. In this regard, the question arises of how to get rid of such diseases. The features of the treatment of the musculoskeletal system will be described below.
Reasons for the development of diseases
Violation of the system of motor functions in the body occurs due to various factors. For instance:
- injuries received;
- maintaining an inactive sedentary lifestyle;
- malnutrition and, as a consequence, obesity;
- the presence of bad habits, especially alcoholism;
- excessive physical activity;
- heredity.
The basics of the treatment of the musculoskeletal system
Sanatorium treatment of diseases of the motor system is mandatory, and at the same time an integral condition for the rehabilitation and further prevention of pathological processes. Within the framework of modern practice of rehabilitation therapy, the most widespread complex of physiotherapeutic and medical methods. Treatment of the musculoskeletal system in resorts is now very popular.
All sanatorium institutions are unique in their own way and differ in natural factors (water, mud), which makes it possible to divide them into mud, water, hydrogen sulfide, radon and other resorts.
In modern treatment of the musculoskeletal system, balneotherapy, physiotherapy, massages, manual treatment and gymnastics are widely used. Consider the main features of these therapeutic techniques.
Balneotherapy and its features
As part of the treatment of the supporting system, therapeutic mud is most popular. Currently, it is well known that the therapeutic effect of dirt is realized through the reflex and neurohumoral mechanism, which includes regulatory, adaptive, metabolic and other body systems in the response. Mud therapy improves metabolic processes, increases enzymatic activity and regenerative potential , helping to improve microcirculation and stabilize the overall permeability of cell membranes.
Under the influence of such treatment of the musculoskeletal system in patients with arthrosis, the number of chondroblasts increases along with the content of ribonucleoproteins in the painful focus, the activity of regenerative enzymes increases, which in turn increases the reparative abilities and improves cell metabolism. Against the background of eliminating the imbalance between the adaptive system and cellular metabolism, the development of the destructive process in the joints slows down, the proliferative component of inflammation is eliminated, the pain syndrome decreases, and motor activity only improves.
The positive clinical effect that treatment of joints and the musculoskeletal system with mud provides patients with rheumatoid arthritis is combined with the restoration of the autoimmune process. Against this background, pain disappears, articular mobility is restored, which is accompanied by regulation of the content of antibodies to cartilage antigens. The course of mud application in patients with articular pathology increases the content of immunoglobulins along with the number of lymphocytes, reducing the number of immune complexes.
Together with the immunocorrective effect of the mud, they have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Thanks to the courses of mud therapy, the protective properties of the immune system increase in patients, which depend on the state of the enzymes of the antioxidant system, and, in addition, there is a positive dynamics in the ultrasound and densitometric characteristics of bone tissue. Treatment of the musculoskeletal system at sea is best done.
Thanks to mud therapy against the background of the first stage of arthrosis, the absolute success of this therapy is possible. In the presence of the second stage of the disease, by the end of the course of therapy, the pain syndrome should completely disappear, which occurs in 80% of patients. In 56% of patients with mud, the pain syndrome is significantly reduced. At 41%, the amplitude of movements is restored.
Prices for the treatment of the musculoskeletal system in the sanatoriums are given at the end of the article.
Therapeutic baths and recommendations
As part of the rehabilitation treatment of patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, absolutely natural or artificially organized mineral baths, which are hydrogen sulfide, radon, sodium chloride and so on, are often used at absolutely all stages of rehabilitation.
The adoption of hydrogen sulfide baths, in addition to effective shifts, also causes specific changes in the body, which are mainly due to the reflex effect of hydrogen sulfide. Analyzes regarding the therapeutic effect in degenerative joint diseases only confirm the positive experience of using bathtubs as part of the rehabilitation treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Under the influence of hydrogen sulfide baths, the trophic processes of synovial fluid and cartilage tissues are normalized. The effect of such baths at a hydrogen sulfide concentration of up to 150 milligrams per liter is explained by irritation of the ends of skin analyzers. In the presence of a higher content of hydrogen sulfide in water, an additional effect on interoreceptors is carried out.
What else does the spa treatment of the musculoskeletal system mean?
Against the background of the direct effect of hydrogen sulfide on the nerve and vascular elements of the skin, capillaries expand, which improves peripheral blood supply and tissue trophism, activating oxidative and regenerative processes along with cellular metabolism.
Hydrogen sulfide baths can also stimulate collagen metabolism and, in addition, connective and cartilage tissues, reducing the processes of cartilage destruction and enhancing the proliferation of synoviocytes, which as a result leads to the normal functioning of synovial cells.
As part of taking baths, doctors recommend a concentration of hydrogen sulfide from 50 to 200 milligrams per liter, the water temperature should be kept at 36 ° C. Such baths should be taken for ten minutes, taking a break in one day. In total, patients are recommended a course of treatment, which should consist of fifteen sessions.
Physiotherapy and recommendations
Treatment of diseases of the supporting system with modern drugs can achieve significant success, but in some cases the effect of the use of medications may not be stable enough. It directly depends on the following factors:
- individual choice of dosage;
- taking into account the characteristics of the effect of the drug;
- pharmacodynamics along with the pharmacokinetics of the drug;
- the frequency and severity of side effects, which are mainly associated with the presence of concomitant diseases, especially in the elderly.
Where to go for the treatment of the musculoskeletal system is interesting to many. Methods of physiotherapy due to its simplicity, and at the same time accessibility and high efficiency, have recently occupied one of the leading places in the framework of rehabilitation treatment of articular pathologies. Physical factors significantly modify the effect of drug components on the body. They can enhance the effect of drugs, allowing you to reduce the dosage, and, in addition, affecting the total duration of their effect, which reduces the frequency of administration. The combined use of physical and medicinal products is accompanied by a weakening of the toxic effects of pharmaceuticals.
Among non-drug methods in clinics of the treatment of the musculoskeletal system for patients with osteoarthritis, laser therapy should be distinguished along with ultrasound, kinesitherapy and a weight loss program. As part of the rehabilitation treatment of patients, physical therapeutic techniques are often successfully applied, for example, electromagnetic waves, low-intensity laser radiation along with reflexology and bee venom acupuncture.
In addition, against the background of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the use of the following therapeutic methods is recommended as part of physiotherapy:
- Carrying out electric sleep. This procedure should be performed every other day or every day. Duration is up to sixty minutes. A total of twenty-five sessions are required.
- Conducting electrophoresis, which is performed according to the Vermel method with a five percent solution of novocaine. The duration of the procedure is twenty minutes. A total of fifteen sessions are required.
- Performing acupuncture. This procedure is done every other day or every day. In total, the patient requires twelve sessions.
- Conducting microwave resonance therapy. This procedure is done every other day or every day. In total, the patient requires fifteen sessions per treatment course.
Massage treatment
A mandatory component of complex therapy in the treatment centers of the musculoskeletal system is massage. It can improve blood circulation, helping to maintain healthy muscle tone and trophism. Thanks to the massage, the undesirable effects of various diseases are eliminated. True, it should be borne in mind that certain methods of massage strictly depend on the stage, and, in addition, on the characteristics of the disease.
Massaging the lower extremities involves interaction with the toes, feet, ankles, lower leg, thighs, with the buttocks and the lumbosacral area. The massage procedure of the upper extremities involves interaction with the hands, hands, wrist joint, forearm, shoulder, shoulder girdle and cervical-collar zone.
Massage on the lower extremities is carried out in a supine position. Also, the patient may take a reclining position. In order to achieve the greatest muscle relaxation, rollers can be placed under the knees. If the patient lies on his stomach, then the rollers are placed directly under the ankle joints.
Massage begins with the toes. Fingers should be stroked, bent, unbent, driven and retracted. If there are diseases of the toes, massage is performed for each of them individually. Foot massage begins with the tips of the fingers, then it is continued along the back, up to the ankle joints. Stroking should be performed continuously. In this case, semicircular movements are allowed with the fingertips. As for the plantar side of the foot, stroking should be alternated with rubbing towards the heel and back.
Massage of the ankle joints begins with stroking the back surface of the feet from the fingers towards the lower leg. After the rubbing procedure, stroking is applied. Further, the procedure ends with physical exercises in the form of flexion, extension, circular movements, adduction and abduction.
Massage the lower leg should begin with enveloping strokes, then perform semi-circular rubbing. On the calf muscles, a slight tremor is carried out, after which selective massage is performed on various muscle groups.
In addition to certain limb massages for the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, reflex massage is carried out, which can affect certain areas, the so-called dermatomas. Often used acupressure affecting biologically active areas. In addition, specialists resort to hardware massages, which are performed using a vibrational, pneumo-vibrational, vacuum, ultrasonic or ionizing device. It should be noted that when prescribing this or that type of massage, each patient requires an individual approach.
The best treatment for the musculoskeletal system will be able to choose a doctor.
Manual treatment
Manual therapy in the presence of osteoarthritis is considered one of the most effective methods to achieve the elimination of articular contractures (poor joint mobility). Among other things, it normalizes the range of motion in the joints, restoring muscle strength with balance and providing reflex anesthesia and a vegetative effect. The analgesic effect of various methods of manual treatment is explained by significant stimulation of the mechanoreceptors of the joint area, which leads to a change in pain sensitivity.
Before proceeding to manual treatment, it is required to carefully examine the patient, and, in addition, to establish the main cause of pain discomfort. Indications for this type of therapy do not automatically follow from the established diagnosis, but are the result of an analysis of the patient’s musculoskeletal system. Against this background, each technique should be selected individually, depending on the actual condition of the muscles, spinal column and joints, including.
How is treatment of injuries of the musculoskeletal system performed?
The use of therapeutic exercises
The main goal of therapeutic exercises is to restore the function of the affected joint. The main criterion for choosing a particular set of exercises is their compliance with the existing purpose and disease.
A properly built gymnastics program is an essential part of a rehabilitation measure for osteoarthrosis after inflammation in the joints. In the event that during the gymnastics the patient has unexpected difficulties, for example, he is not able to maintain balance or simply does not notice any improvement, it is necessary to consult a specialist.
Usually, exercises are prescribed by a doctor, they should be carried out under his supervision, or at least a physiotherapy instructor. But it is also important to emphasize that as part of the exercise, the patient is advised to rely primarily on their own feelings.
In the event that a person feels that certain exercises do not succeed and are not suitable, causing severe pain with discomfort, then they must be abandoned. True, immediately completely abandoning the exercise, if it did not immediately bring a visible result, is undesirable. It must be borne in mind that the effect can be achieved only after several months of consecutive exercises. Thus, it is not recommended to stop classes due to unpleasant sensations that are caused by the fact that muscles with joints experience an unusual load. After a couple of classes, the discomfort should disappear.
Classes should be started by performing simpler exercises, after which you can gradually move on to more complex combinations. Each time, just before the start of the lesson, a warm-up should be done aimed at warming up the trained part of the body. A warming massage is also performed, and a warm shower should be taken immediately after class. It will also be useful to prepare a warming compress.
In the presence of acute pains, it is recommended to postpone the start of classes until the well-being improves. Exercise in such a situation will not bring benefits, but rather, on the contrary, will slow the patient's recovery. It should be noted that medical gymnastics favorably affects the psychological mood of patients, they strengthen the faith in recovery, often helping to recover even when the rest of the funds are already exhausted.
Performing physical exercises is extremely important for patients who suffer from articular pathologies. Particular importance should be given to strengthening the muscles of the limbs. For example, in the framework of strengthening the knee joints, special attention should be paid to the quadriceps muscle, which is located on the front of the thigh. It performs the function of extension of the knee joint and stabilizes it.
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Reviews
Reviews on the treatment of the musculoskeletal system are abundant. The methods described above have helped many people. Especially good patients respond to mud therapy and massage. Even after injuries, it turns out to recover quickly.
Reviews about the spa treatment of the musculoskeletal system are most often positive. The only negative, unfortunately, is the price.