Opioid analgesics are called central-action drugs, which are used for severe pain. Such drugs have a special effect on the central nervous system.
There are many drugs with these properties. One of them is Tramal. Instructions for use, reviews, features, indications and side effects of this drug are presented below.
Form, composition
Tramal medication, which everyone can leave a review of, has many forms of release: drops for oral administration, capsules, rectal suppositories and injection. The active ingredient of this drug is tramadol hydrochloride. Also, the composition of medicines includes auxiliary elements (depending on the form of the medication).
Pharmacological properties
What is Tramal? Reviews say this is an opioid analgesic. It has a pronounced analgesic property, which is explained by its agonistic effect on receptors located in the central nervous system.
This medication is an opioid (synthetic). It is a racemate of negative and positive isomers, which in one way or another participate in the analgesic effect.
The positive isomer is a pure opioid receptor agonist. As for the negative, it is able to inhibit the capture (neuronal) of norepinephrine, as well as activate the central noradrenergic descending system. Ultimately, this leads to a violation of the transmission of pain impulses to the substance (gelatinous) of the spinal cord.
Both of the presented isomers act in a synergistic manner.
The drug in question causes a sedative effect. In therapeutic dosages, it practically does not inhibit the work of the respiratory system and has no effect on hemodynamics.
With controlled medication, addiction and dependence are extremely rare. By the way, when using morphine, those are more pronounced.
Kinetics
Is Tramal absorbed? Reviews report that when taken orally, it is absorbed by 90%.
After intramuscular administration, the peak concentration of the drug in the blood occurs after one hour.
The medication in question penetrates the placental barrier and the BBB. It is also excreted in breast milk.
The drug is excreted through the kidneys.
Indications
When is Tramal needed? Reviews (with oncology this drug is used very often) say that the drug in question is indicated for pain syndrome of strong and medium intensity of various origin:
- with injuries;
- during the postoperative period;
- with pain that arose due to myocardial infarction;
- when carrying out painful medical or diagnostic manipulations.
Contraindications
When should you not use Tramal? Reviews of specialists indicate such contraindications as:
- simultaneous administration of MAO inhibitors, as well as two weeks after their withdrawal;
- conditions that are accompanied by severe CNS depression or respiratory depression (for example, with poisoning by alcohol, opioid analgesics, hypnotics, or psychotropic drugs);
- severe renal failure;
- drug withdrawal syndrome ;
- severe liver failure;
- hypersensitivity.
All these points must be taken into account.
The drug "Tramal": instructions for use
The injections, reviews of which will be presented later, can be prescribed intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
Inside, this medicine should be taken before, during, or after a meal. Capsules are washed down with plain water, and the solution is dripped onto a piece of sugar or diluted in a small volume of liquid.
As for rectal suppositories, they are introduced into the rectum.
The dosage of the drug in question is set depending on the intensity of the pain.
In what cases do Tramal injections take? Reviews indicate that this form of the drug is used only if it is necessary to achieve a quick analgesic effect.
Side effects
Like other analgesics, the drug in question can cause many adverse reactions, such as:
- redness of the skin, nausea, cerebral cramps, dry mouth, feeling tired, vomiting;
- dizziness, abdominal pain, intermittent heart rate, bloating;
- changes in appetite, drowsiness, headache, tachycardia, mood changes, depression, impaired behavioral reactions, changes in activity, difficulty swallowing water;
- fainting, muscle weakness, collapse;
- skin rash, constipation, motor weakness, confusion, increased sweating.
Special recommendations
With extreme caution, this medicine is prescribed for people with impaired liver and kidney function, with increased intracranial pressure, abdominal pain, traumatic brain injury, patients with epilepsy, as well as respiratory disorders.
Alcohol use during therapy with this agent should be excluded.
Reviews
Most patients say that Tramal is a very strong and effective opioid analgesic. Any form of it quite quickly eliminates even the most severe pain syndromes, greatly facilitating the patient's condition.
The disadvantages of this medication include a large number of manifestations of adverse reactions, as well as an impressive list of contraindications.