Many people are forced to work in hazardous or harmful conditions. Often this leads to the appearance of occupational diseases in them. Ailments should be correctly registered in the company, since if they are available, the employer should offer employees easier working conditions, as well as provide certain payments and benefits. At the same time, employees often have to deal with acute occupational diseases. They appear when exposed to radiation on the human body. If such diseases are detected, the employer is obliged to conduct an investigation, as well as pay for the treatment of the employee.
What are occupational diseases?
They are represented by various diseases that appear in humans as a result of work in harmful or dangerous conditions. This does not include overwork or deterioration in health due to a long shift.
Injury received at the workplace for various reasons is not an occupational disease. It is represented by a functional disorder that appears as a result of a citizen's contact with various harmful or dangerous factors and substances. This contact should be carried out in the process of fulfilling labor duties.
The management of different companies should apply different measures aimed at reducing the harmful effects on workers in order to reduce the number of occupational diseases. For this, it is necessary to properly equip all workplaces with the necessary equipment and protective equipment.
What could it be?
Occupational diseases can be presented in several forms. These include:
- Chronic It occurs during prolonged exposure to the human body of various harmful factors represented by loud noise, work with chemicals or other factors.
- Acute occupational disease. It lies in the fact that a person is influenced by various factors leading to significant and quick negative health consequences.
Each case in the production should be thoroughly investigated in order to understand why this or that ailment arose, what factors influenced its appearance, and the investigation also reveals other important information.
For example, respiratory damage detected by welders can be attributed to a chronic disease, as they are constantly forced to work with various aerosols or other substances, which include aluminum, nickel, iron or other elements.
What is meant by acute occupational disease? This can include the effect on the human body of radiation for a short period of time. As a result of such a process, a radiation sickness is revealed in the employee, which leads to numerous negative consequences.
Features of the disease
Every employer should know what disease is called acute occupational disease. It is easy enough to determine it, since certain health problems of the employee should arise due to exposure to harmful factors over a short time period. If such an effect is identified, it is required to promptly eliminate it. As a result, the employee is faced with the following negative consequences:
- temporary disability, therefore sick leave is issued, after which the employer often offers lighter working conditions;
- permanent disability, as a result of which a citizen can no longer cope with labor duties, therefore he draws up a certain disability group and receives benefits.
Most often, acute occupational disease leads to the fact that an employee of the company loses its working capacity. Often such effects on the body lead to the death of an employee. This is possible if during the performance of labor duties he has to deal with dangerous factors.
Symptoms of Acute Occupational Disease
There are certain signs by which such a disease is detected. They depend on the source of the lesion. Most often, employees of various enterprises have to deal with radiation or chemical exposure. They become the causes of acute occupational disease.
Often, employees of industrial enterprises revealed radiation sickness. This is due to the fact that a person is constantly exposed to radiation during work. The result of such exposure depends on the duration of exposure and the dose received. Even if a person can recover, he will still encounter oncological diseases after a certain period of time.
The concept of the registry of occupational diseases
The Ministry of Social Development has approved a special classification of occupational ailments. It contains information about the name of each disease, its code, the cause of the occurrence and the factors that lead to its occurrence.
All ailments are divided into several groups depending on the different effects leading to the onset of a disease, which can be chronic or acute. These effects include:
- physical working conditions that may affect the ability to work of employees;
- biological effects;
- significant physical exertion, which leads to the fact that the functions of the organs change;
- chemical effects, and not only radiation, but also poisoning refers to them.
This registry is regularly updated with new chronic and acute occupational diseases.
Types of occupational ailments
The leaders of industrial enterprises should understand what is meant by an acute occupational disease, how an investigation is conducted, and what payments and benefits should be assigned to employees.
Medical workers break down all diseases into two large groups:
- general, which a person has before the moment when he begins to perform work duties, but due to the influence of negative factors at work, the state of the body worsens;
- professional, the causes of which are directly related to the work of a citizen.
It is in the second case that an employee can count on different types of assistance from the head of the company.
How is the investigation conducted?
The procedure for establishing the presence of acute occupational disease is to conduct a preliminary investigation. It is on the basis of this process that we can establish whether a certain ailment discovered by an employee of a company is really professional.
During the investigation of acute occupational diseases, the participation of the following persons is required:
- district doctor or other employee of a medical institution;
- representative of the Social Insurance Fund, since payments for an accident or professional ailments are assigned from this fund;
- other interested parties;
- Administration of a particular company in which the employee works.
An investigation is initiated by a direct employee of the company in which this ailment is detected. To do this, they perform the following actions:
- if any pain or other symptoms of the disease are detected, it is urgent to consult your doctor;
- all symptoms are listed, and a possible cause of the disease is explained;
- describes all the working conditions in the company.
The remaining actions depend on what decision is made by the attending physician.
What should a doctor do?
Every doctor should know what disease is called acute occupational disease or poisoning. Therefore, if the patient has the corresponding symptoms, then the attending doctor should send a special notice to the state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities. The specific form of the disease depends on the flow rate:
- if serious symptoms are detected within a day after exposure with certain factors at the place of work, then this form is acute;
- if the disease develops within three days, then its form is chronic.
As soon as notification is received by the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance specialists, they conduct an audit of the company in which the patient works.
How is the organization verified?
On the basis of the application received from the doctor, an unscheduled inspection of the company by the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance employees is carried out. The procedure for establishing acute occupational disease is that the specialists perform the following actions in the company:
- an act is requested from the employer, in which there are results of the assessment of the workplaces of workers and other documents related to labor protection and the activities of employees of the enterprise;
- the situation that has arisen is analyzed, for which the workshop where the injured citizen worked and is inspected;
- the final act is drawn up.
The act, formed by the specialists of the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, is sent to the medical institution where the employee of the company is being treated. The information obtained is studied by the leadership of this organization, after which a document is issued for the patient to sign. For the report, a copy of this act is sent to the FSS and the employer.
Investigation
As soon as it is proved that the employee has an acute or chronic occupational disease at the place of work, an investigation is necessarily carried out in the company. Its main goal is to identify the causes of the onset of the disease, as well as the conditions for its occurrence.
Be sure to create a commission to investigate acute occupational disease. The chairman of the company may act as its chairman, and another official working in the company may also be selected. The employee is endowed with the necessary authority as a result of the publication by the head of the relevant order. Additionally, the commission includes the head physician of the hospital, in which an employee, a representative of the FSS and other government agencies are treated.
The collegial body performs the following actions:
- all documents related to the work of the company are studied, but a lot of attention is paid to papers related to labor protection at the enterprise;
- all working conditions in which the sick employee worked are studied;
- interviewed witnesses;
- inspects the premises where the victim worked;
- a final act is prepared in which the conditions and causes of an acute professional ailment of an employee of the enterprise are prescribed;
- guilty persons are identified, if any;
- recommendations are made for the management of the company regarding the elimination of the causes of professional ailment.
The head of the company is obliged to transfer to the commission all the necessary documents for study. It is allowed to request even papers from the archive. The employer should provide any assistance to this collegial body, as it is in its interests to determine the cause of the occupational disease.
What documents are required?
To draw up a notice of acute occupational disease, the commission must prepare a special investigation report. For this, members of the collegial body study the numerous documents requested from the employer. These include the following papers:
- characteristics of the victim’s workplace;
- an order on the basis of which a citizen gets a job;
- a medical certificate containing information about the state of health of an employee of the company;
- extracts from magazines related to labor protection or safety measures, which should confirm that the employee has been instructed;
- special documents confirming that personal protective equipment or other security equipment was issued to the citizen;
- protocols of interviewing the direct victim, his colleagues, witnesses and responsible persons;
- conclusions of medical experts, which confirm that the employee has indeed revealed an acute professional illness;
- other documents required by members of the commission.
Based on all this documentation, an investigation report is drawn up. A copy of it should be kept in the archive of the company for at least 75 years, since it contains personal data about the company employee. It must necessarily contain the opinion of the commission as to who is guilty of the situation, what disease is detected, and what measures will be taken in the company aimed at preventing the appearance of such ailments in other employees. It is determined whether the employee is guilty, and the information in the act must be agreed with the union.
If it is revealed that the employee of the company is independently guilty of the situation, then he will not be able to receive benefits from the Social Insurance Fund.
What is the benefit?
Acute occupational disease is a serious and complex illness that leads to negative consequences for human health. Often, it causes the death of an employee of the enterprise over the next 10 years.
If such an ailment is detected, people partially or completely lose their ability to work, therefore, they are assigned the appropriate allowance paid at the expense of the FSS. Money is transferred through the employer. The size and types of payments depend on the state of the citizen. The law does not provide for a specific list of payments and preferences, so they may vary slightly in different regions, as many benefits are offered by local authorities in different regions.
In the event of a professional ailment, lump sum assistance is paid to the citizen, the maximum amount of which is 85 thousand rubles. Additionally, a monthly allowance is assigned, and its size depends on the average citizen's earnings. At the place of work, a payment related to disability is transferred; in other cases, it is maximum equal to 270 thousand rubles.
A person who has received an acute occupational disease, regardless of his age, can count on retirement. For this, it is important that he has a work experience of 9 years, as well as the number of points about the PF should exceed the figure of 13.8.
Conclusion
All workers working in difficult or hazardous conditions should know what disease is called acute occupational disease and poisoning. If there are signs of such an ailment, then it is important to competently engage in its design by contacting your doctor. Based on the citizen’s application, an investigation begins at his place of work, designed to determine the conditions and causes of the disease.
People who are faced with an acute professional illness can rely on different preferences from the employer and the state. They are in different payments and benefits.